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Defining the typologies of adolescent girls in relation to different types of victimization against women could be very useful for prevention. Almost all the typologies previously elaborated on this topic define the typologies from situations of dating victimization. This study used cluster analysis to establish for the first time a typology of adolescent girl victimization against women that included dating violence offline, dating violence online, and sexual harassment online outside a relationship by means of a comparative analysis of behavior between those who had suffered this violence and the population at large. The participants were 3.532 Spanish teenage girls aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with boys. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (63.8%), non-victim girls; the second group (29.4%), victims of sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating victimization; the third group (6.8%), victims in the three contexts. The logistic regression analysis showed that risky sexual behavior online was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups (compared to the non-victim group), followed by low self-esteem (for the second group) and age (for both groups). Other variables that also contributed to predicting membership victim groups were health complaints, feminine gender role stress, justification of male dominance and violence, visiting risky websites, and problematic internet use. These results show the importance of including the prevention of such problems in order to eradicate violence against women in adolescence who have grown up with digital technologies.

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There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys' self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), of non-violent boys; the second group (26%), more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group (4.2%), with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem (for the third group) and risky sexual behaviors online (for the second and third groups). The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected.

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Background: This research explores the role of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) in male adolescent dating violence (MADV). Previous research has found that progress towards gender equality between men and women is in certain contexts related to the greater prevalence of male intimate partner violence against women. These studies of adult men found that masculine gender role stress could help explain this surprising result. Method: The incidental sample of this study consisted of 339 boys residing in Madrid, Spain, aged 13 to 16. MGRS was assessed by two factors from the Eisler & Skidmore scale (1987): subordination to women (SW) and intellectual inferiority (II). MADV against women was assessed according to two subscales of the Revised Confl ict Tactics Scale, CTS2: psychological aggression and physical aggression. Results Show for the fi rst time in adolescents that MGRS caused by situations of subordination to women is an important MADV risk factor both in terms of physical and psychological violence. Our study also found that MGRS mediates the relationship between MADV against women and the justifi cation of intimate partner violence against women (JIPVW). Conclusions: This article discusses the implications of these results for the prevention of MADV against women. (AU)

Antecedentes: el avance hacia la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres se relaciona en determinados contextos con una mayor prevalencia de violencia de género. Los estudios con adultos habían encontrado que el estrés de rol de género masculino (SRGM) podría ayudar a explicarlo. Este estudio explora el papel del SRGM en la violencia de género de los chicos adolescentes (VGA). Método: se basa en una muestra incidental de 339 chicos, de 13-16 años. El SRGM se evalúa a través de los factores de subordinación a la mujer (SM) e inferioridad intelectual de la escala de Eisler & Skidmore (1987). La VGA se evalúa a través de los factores de agresión psicológica y agresión física de la escala Revised Conflict Tactics CTS2. Resultados: se encuentra, por primera vez en adolescentes, que el factor subordinación a la mujer del SRGM es una importante condición de riesgo de la VGA, tanto para la agresión física como para la psicológica, y que el SRGM media en la relación entre VGA y la justificación de dicha violencia. Conclusiones: a partir de estos resultados se proponen pautas para la prevención de la violencia de género y la construcción de la igualdad. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Spain is among the European countries with the highest prevalence of adolescents at risk of Internet addiction, a problem that could be linked to youth unemployment and leaving education early. This research evaluated the role of three variables relative to school context on Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and on the relationship between PIU and Maladaptive Future Time Perspective (MFTP, defined as an excessive focus on the present and a fatalistic attitude towards the future, a variable that had not previously been studied in terms of its relationship to adolescents' PIU). METHOD: The study was carried out with 1288 adolescents, aged 12 to 16 years old, enrolled at 31 secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS: As expected, we found that MFTP and hostile treatment by teachers were associated with an increase in PIU, whereas school appreciation was associated with a decrease in PIU. In addition, hostile treatment by teachers had a moderate effect on the MFTP-PIU relationship. CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent PIU it is important to foster confidence in adolescents in their own potential to build the future from the present through positive interaction with teachers, stimulating an appreciation of school within these digital natives' peer group culture

ANTECEDENTES: España es uno de los países europeos con mayor prevalencia de adolescentes en riesgo de adicción a Internet; problema que cabe relacionar con sus elevadas tasas de desempleo juvenil y abandono escolar prematuro. Esta investigación estudia el papel de tres variables del contexto escolar sobre el Uso Problemático de Internet (PIU), así como sobre la relación entre PIU y la Perspectiva Desadaptativa hacia el Futuro (MFTP, definida como una excesiva centración en el presente y actitud fatalista hacia el futuro, variable que no había sido todavía investigada en relación al PIU de los adolescentes). MÉTODO: se ha realizado con 1.288 adolescentes, de 12 a 16 años, de 31 centros de Educación Secundaria de Madrid, España. RESULTADOS: como se esperaba, se encuentra que la MFTP y el tratamiento hostil del profesorado están directamente asociados con un aumento de PIU, mientras que la valoración de la escuela está asociada con un descenso de PIU. Además, el tratamiento hostil del profesorado tiene efecto de moderación en la relación entre MFTP-PIU. CONCLUSIONES: para prevenir PIU es importante fortalecer la confianza de los adolescentes en su poder para construir el futuro desde el presente, a través de una adecuada interacción con el profesorado que ayude a incrementar la valoración de la escuela desde la cultura del grupo de iguales de los nativos digitales

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The recognition of the seriousness of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the need to prevent it has led to the study of its inception in relationships established in adolescence. This study uses latent class analysis to establish a typology of male adolescents based on self-reports of violence against a girl in dating relationships. The participants were 4,147 boys in Spain aged 14 to 18 years from a probabilistic sample. Four discrete, identifiable groups were derived based on 12 indicators of emotional abuse, intimidation, coercion, threats, physical violence, and violence transmitted via communication technologies. The first group consists of non-violent adolescent boys. A second group comprises those boys who isolate and control their partners. Boys who exert only medium-level emotional abuse form the third group, whereas the fourth is formed by teenage boys who frequently engage in all types of violence. Compared with the non-violent adolescents in a multinomial logistic regression, the other groups show lower self-esteem and display a greater justification of male dominance and IPV against women; greater justification of aggression in conflict resolution; they have also received more dominance and violence messages from adults in their family environment; and they perceive IPV behaviors against women as abuse of lesser importance.

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Introducción La cirugía es un elemento esencial en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. El objetivo del trabajo es describir la evolución y el estado actual de la cirugía oncológica de mama en Cataluña y Andalucía. Material y método Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional basado en el análisis del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos de Altas Hospitalarias en el período 1996–2005.ResultadosLa muestra incluyó a 37.537 mujeres de Cataluña y 24.186 de Andalucía. En el periodo estudiado se produjo un notable incremento de las tasas de hospitalización. Igualmente hay un marcado incremento en el porcentaje de casos intervenidos mediante cirugía conservadora. Sin embargo, esta difusión de la cirugía conservadora ha sido desigual por grupos de edad y tipo de centro. Conclusiones En conjunto se pone de relieve el aumento de la proporción de mujeres tratadas con mastectomía subtotal y la necesidad de estrategias que favorezcan la diseminación de intervenciones de probada efectividad (AU)

Background Surgery is an essential element of breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the progress and current practice in oncological breast surgery in Catalonia and Andalusia. Material and method An observational study was conducted, collecting data from the Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospital Discharge. Results A total of 37,537 women from Catalonia and 24,186 from Andalusia were studied. The rate of admission due to breast cancer in women increased substantially during the study period, as well as the percentage of women who underwent breast-conserving surgery. However, the increase in breast-conserving surgery has not been consistent among age groups and hospital levels. Conclusions As a whole, the increase in breast-conserving surgery has shown the need for interventions to promote the use of procedures of proven effectiveness (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Surgery is an essential element of breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the progress and current practice in oncological breast surgery in Catalonia and Andalusia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An observational study was conducted, collecting data from the Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospital Discharge. RESULTS: A total of 37,537 women from Catalonia and 24,186 from Andalusia were studied. The rate of admission due to breast cancer in women increased substantially during the study period, as well as the percentage of women who underwent breast-conserving surgery. However, the increase in breast-conserving surgery has not been consistent among age groups and hospital levels. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, the increase in breast-conserving surgery has shown the need for interventions to promote the use of procedures of proven effectiveness.

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Las reflexiones y propuestas que a continuación se presentan han sido desarrolladas a través de una larga serie de investigaciones realizadas desde la Unidad de Psicología Preventiva de la Universidad Complutense y que se concretan especialmente en el programa“Prevenir en Madrid”. En estos trabajos hemos podido comprobar que si bien los medios audiovisuales incrementan los riesgos a los que está expuesta hoy la infancia, también es cierto que pueden ser empleados como una herramienta de gran relevancia paraconvertir la escuela en un centro que enseña a gestionar el conocimiento en esta revolución tecnológica que nos ha tocado vivir

The following reflections and proposals have been developed through a long series of studies carried out in the Unit of Preventive Psychology of Madrid Complutense University. This research gave rise to the “Preventing in Madrid” program. This researchhas shown that although audiovisual media raise risks in children, they may also be used as a very valuable tool to make the school a place where knowledge management is taught within the context of the technological revolution we are living

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La serie de investigaciones que aquí se presenta se orienta en torno a un doble objetivo: 1) conocer hasta qué punto se han superado el sexismo y el riesgo de violencia de género entre los y las adolescentes actuales; 2) y desarrollar y evaluar un programa de intervención que permita reducir las condiciones de riesgo detectadas. El programa desarrollado desde esta perspectiva se basa en el aprendizaje cooperativo y la discusión en grupos heterogéneos, parte de una perspectiva universal sobre el valor de la igualdad y los derechos humanos e incluye actividades para enseñar a detectar el sexismo y la violencia de género. La comparación de los resultados obtenidos en el grupo experimental con un grupo de control ha reflejado su eficacia para ayudar a superar los componentes cognitivos, afectivos y conductuales de dichos problemas (AU)

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