RESUMEN
We aimed to characterize the adult and regenerating tree components and their relationships with soil characteristics of a native vegetation remnant in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The area of the fragment is stratified into "dry area" (lithic neosoil) and "damp area" (gleisoil). We conducted a forest inventory with a random distribution of 25 parcels. We analyzed the physical and chemical components of the soil. We evaluated the vegetation's horizontal structure, diversity, and sample sufficiency using the Bootstrap richness estimator. We classified the species according to dispersal syndrome and ecological group. Overall, we found 93 species in the adult layer and 70 species in the regenerating layer. The similarity dendrograms based on the two evaluated indices demonstrated the existence of the two initially stratified environments in both strata. The IndVal (%) indicated that the set of indicator species differed between the strata. Thereby, the fragment is in an intermediate stage of successional progression. PCA showed that plots in the wet area had higher pH values and Ca, Zn, and Fe levels, while plots in the dry area did not clearly distinguish, varying in terms of K, B, and organic matter content. In CCA, a set of species that occurred exclusively in the damp area showed a strong relationship with the analyzed variables. The area is a diverse ecosystem that efficiently provides ecosystem services to society and should be the subject of long-term conservation and research.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Bosques , Suelo , Brasil , Suelo/química , Árboles/clasificaciónRESUMEN
This study evaluated the effects of 2 different types of acute aerobic exercise on the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and on different hematological and biochemical variables that are associated with this membrane property. The study population consisted of 20 healthy and active men. Participants performed single sessions of 2 types of exercise. The first session consisted of 60 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). The second session, executed a week later, consisted of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) until exhaustion. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration (1/H50) at the midpoint of the sigmoidal curve of dependence between the absorbance of hemoglobin and the NaCl concentration. The values of 1/H50 changed from 2.29±0.1 to 2.33±0.09 after MICE and from 2.30±0.08 to 2.23±0.12 after HIIE. During MICE mean corpuscular volume increased, probably due to in vivo lysis of older erythrocytes, with preservation of cells that were larger and more resistant to in vitro lysis. The study showed that a single bout of acute exercise affected erythrocyte stability, which increased after MICE and decreased after HIIE.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Adulto , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Pruebas Hematológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Fragilidad Osmótica , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cunila species are aromatic and medicinal plants commonly employed in folk medicine. This genus is distributed in North America and in southern South America. The species that occur in southern South America are classified into three botanical sections: Incanae, Incisae and Spicatae. The present study uses a phylogenetic approach to study the genetic relationship among the South and North American Cunila species, aiming to test the monophyly of the genus in its traditional circumscription. The results based on sequencing from nuclear (ITS rDNA) and chloroplast (trnL-F) sets did not agree with the traditional circumscription of the genus. These data, based on maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, point to the non-monophyletic status of Cunila, since the genus was separated into three segregated clades: (1) A South American subshrub clade formed by the species of the botanical section Spicatae, (2) a South American shrub clade that includes the species of the botanical sections Incanae and Incisae, and (3) a North American Cunila clade.
Asunto(s)
ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Lamiaceae/clasificación , Filogenia , Teorema de Bayes , Núcleo Celular/genética , ADN de Cloroplastos/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Lamiaceae/genética , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Modelos Genéticos , América del Norte , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , América del SurRESUMEN
Supercritical fluid extraction has been widely employed in the extraction of high purity substances. In this study, we used the technology to obtain oil from seeds from a variety of grapes, from vinification residues generated in the Southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This work encompasses three varieties of Vitis vinifera (Moscato Giallo, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon) and two of Vitis labrusca (Bordô e Isabel), harvested in 2005 and 2006. We obtained the highest oil content from Bordô (15.40%) in 2005 and from Merlot (14.66%), 2006. The biggest concentration of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids was observed in Bordô, 2005, and in Bordô, Merlot, and Moscato Giallo, 2006. Bordô showed the highest concentration of oleic acid and α-tocopherol in both seasons too. For the equivalent of procyanidins, we did not notice significant difference among the varieties from the 2005 harvest. In 2006, both varieties Isabel and Cabernet Sauvignon showed a value slightly lower than the other varieties. The concentration of total phenolics was higher in Bordô and Cabernet Sauvignon. The presence of these substances is related to several important pharmacological properties and might be an alternative to conventional processes to obtain these bioactives.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía con Fluido Supercrítico/métodos , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Semillas/química , Vitis/química , alfa-Tocoferol/análisis , Brasil , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Ácidos Linoleicos/análisis , Ácido Palmítico/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Especificidad de la Especie , Ácidos Esteáricos/análisis , Vitis/clasificación , VinoRESUMEN
The essential oil composition and genetic variability of six commercial cultivars of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), a Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic plant, were analyzed by GC-MS and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), respectively. All evaluated cultivars belong to the thymol chemotype, with differences in the concentrations of thymol, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, and other minor components. The comparison of the oil components concentration by multivariate analysis allowed separation of the cultivars into two groups. All of the cultivars exhibited characteristic RAPD patterns that allowed their identification. On the basis of the RAPD patterns, the cultivars could be divided into two clusters, which coincides with results obtained by oil GS-MS analysis, with a correlation coefficient of -0.779.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Plantas/análisis , Lamiaceae/química , Lamiaceae/genética , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio/métodosAsunto(s)
Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Bovinos , Pollos , Cricetinae , Fabaceae , Gansos , Cabras , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Lectinas de Plantas , Plantas Medicinales , Conejos , Roedores , Semillas , OvinosRESUMEN
Se estudio la presencia de lectinas en las semillas de 54 especies de la sub-familia Papilionoideae de la flora venezolana.79,6% de ellas presentaron actividad hemaglutinante.La actividad hemaglutinante fue detectada empleando eritrocitos de 14 especies, tratados o no con proteasas. La sangre de conejo y la hamster tratados con pronasa fueran aglutinadas por el mayor numero de extractos. Ningun extracto aglutino los eritrocitos de ganado bovino o de chivo no tratados con proteasas. La prueba inhibicion con azucares sencillos sugiere la presencia de tres tipos de lectinas:uno que es inhibido por la glucosa y/o sus derivados, uno que es inhibido por la galactosa y/o sus derivados y uno que puede ser inhibido por ambos tipos de azucares. La distribucion de especies con lectinas en las Papilionoideae no se corresponde exactamente con ningun de los sistemas de clasificacion taxonomica propuestos para esta subfamilia, sin embargo nuestros resultados apoyan parcialmente al esquema propuesto por Polhill y Raven