RESUMEN
This study analyzed the concentrations of 15 (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) toxicologically important trace elements in the livers of 110 green turtles stranded in two areas of the Brazilian coast. These areas are essential for the refuge, feeding, and reproduction of the species, and the information obtained is intended to support the development of conservation strategies. Higher concentrations were observed in the Região dos Lagos, RJ in almost all elements, except for Al, Mo, Pb, and V. This location showed statistically higher differences in the concentrations of Cd (4.66 ± 2.33 µg.g-1), Fe (846.62 ± 583.06 µg.g-1), and Zn (27.17 ± 10.90 µg.g-1). The differences in trace element concentration patterns between the two study areas are likely influenced by multiple factors, including the bioavailability of trace elements, oceanic upwelling events, anthropogenic activities, habitat characteristics, and organism-specific metabolic processes.
RESUMEN
This study analyzed trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in egg yolk samples of female green turtles that nested in Rocas Atoll, Brazil, in 2017 and 2018. The trace elements concentration varied between years, with higher concentrations in 2017, suggesting that the nesting groups come from different foraging sites. The isotopic data indicated high overlap between years (73%), leading to an ambiguous interpretation on the turtles' foraging site. The Normalized Total Load presented a low association (0.01 < R2 < 0.41) with the stable isotopes. The Normalized Total Load that represents the trace element load in egg yolk is a holistic approach that can be applied elsewhere to predict ecotoxicology pathways in any animal species. We recommend a continuous monitoring to verify how the trace elements load behave in the nesting green turtles on Rocas Atoll.
Asunto(s)
Oligoelementos , Tortugas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Brasil , Yema de Huevo , Femenino , Isótopos , Oligoelementos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Abstract In this study, multi-tissue (yolk and carapace) stable isotope analysis was used to assess individual isotopic niche trajectories of nesting green turtles on Rocas Atoll, off northeastern Brazil, and to reveal a diet shift in the temporal dimension. The diet trajectories of individual green turtles were highly directional, with a stronger component towards decreasing values of δ15N from carapace to yolk. When the green turtles are in their foraging sites (temporal window measured by the yolk samples), they are more herbivores. Conversely, in a broader temporal window, the green turtles demonstrate a carnivore-omnivore strategy, such as represented by heavier δ15N values in the carapace. This finding confirms a temporal diet shift. This is the first study that applies trophic niche trajectories for sea turtles, adding a new isotopic tool to understand the trophic ecology of these migrant animals.
Resumo Neste estudo, a análise de isótopos estáveis em múltiplos tecidos (vitelo e carapaça) foi usada para avaliar as trajetórias individuais de nicho isotópico de tartarugas verdes em nidificação no Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil, e para revelar uma mudança de dieta na dimensão temporal. As trajetórias individuais da dieta de tartarugas verdes foram altamente direcionais, com um componente mais forte na direção de valores decrescentes de δ15N da carapaça ao vitelo. Quando as tartarugas verdes estão em seus locais de forrageamento (janela temporal medida pelas amostras de vitelo), elas são mais herbívoras. Por outro lado, em uma janela temporal mais ampla, as tartarugas verdes demonstram uma estratégia carnívora-onívora, representada por valores mais elevados de δ15N na carapaça. Os resultados confirmam uma mudança temporal na dieta. Este é o primeiro estudo que aplica trajetórias de nicho trófico para tartarugas marinhas, adicionando uma nova ferramenta isotópica para entender a ecologia trófica desses animais migrantes.
RESUMEN
This study presents the first report on the concentration of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in the blood and egg fractions of green turtles from Rocas Atoll, a pristine nesting site in NE Brazil. The highest concentrations of all elements were in the blood or shell samples. In order, iron, Zn, Cu, Al and As presented the highest concentrations in all tissues. The nonessential trace elements were below the limit of detection for more than 50% of the yolk (Al, Cd and Pb) and albumen samples (Al, As, Ba, Cd and Pb). This study will serve as a baseline reference for future monitoring of the ecotoxicology of breeding green turtles in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.