RESUMEN
Metal- and solvent-free reaction of quinolines with two molecules of aryltrifluoroacetylacetylenes afforded 3-arylethynyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,3-oxazinoquinolines in up to 92% yields. The formation of a zwitterionic intermediate in the first step triggered a multistep domino reaction. This one-pot synthesis opens an easy access to novel quinoline derivatives bearing trifluoromethyl, acetylene and ketone functions, thus providing a powerful tool for drug design.
RESUMEN
Transition metal-free one-pot reaction of quinolines with acylarylacetylenes and water proceeds in the presence of KOH (55-60 °C, MeCN, 48 h) to afford 2-aryl-3-acylquinolines in up to 66% yield. Here, a formal replacement of the acetylene moiety by the aryl and acyl substituents in the quinoline scaffold takes place. In fact, it has been proved experimentally that the reaction involves the ring cleavage, accompanied by the rearrangement and insertion of the electron-deficient acetylene moiety to form a dihydroquinoline intermediate with an aldehyde functional group in position 4. This intermediate gives the corresponding doubly functionalized quinolines.
RESUMEN
Metal-free reaction between quinolines, aryltrifluoroacetylacetylenes and water at -18 °C-rt in MeCN resulted in stereoselective assembly of trifluoromethylated oxazinoquinolines with up to 99% yield that was essentially in contrast to a similar reaction with pyridines. The annulation proceeded via the 1,3-dipolar adducts of quinolines with trifluoroacetylacetylenes followed by intramolecular cyclization involving the trifluoroacetyl group and a molecule of water.
RESUMEN
Surgery biopsy was used to examine 133 patients admitted to hospital for suspected tuberculous spondylitis. The surgical biopsy diagnostic techniques involved biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes, paracentesis of abscesses, puncture and trephine biopsies of vertebral bodies, and open diagnostic vertebrotomy. Biopsy studies using surgical techniques verified the diagnoses of tuberculous spondylitis, vertebral tumors, and nonspecific vertebral osteomyelitis in 115, 8, and 10 patients, respectively. The patients' examination took 2 to 6 weeks. The use of surgical techniques for obtaining biopsy specimens could avoid diagnostic errors and reduce the time of a diagnostic examination.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia/métodos , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/patología , Biopsia con Aguja , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Errores Diagnósticos , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico , Osteomielitis/patología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/secundario , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A comprehensive study was carried out in 95 patients with different forms and stages of osteoarticular tuberculosis by using the thermographic diagnostic technique. The patients' age was 17 to 76 years. The study was undertaken to define the capacities of thermography for differential diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis from noninflammatory disease of the skeleton and to evaluate the efficiency of treatment in phthisiorthopedic patients. The study has provided evidence for that thermography has great capacities to diagnose a specific inflammatory skeleton lesion and to evaluate the efficiency of treatment, which allows one not to carry out expensive and radiation load-carrying X-ray studies in some cases.
Asunto(s)
Termografía , Tuberculosis Osteoarticular/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Óseas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The authors conducted a comprehensive study of 482 patients with suspected tuberculous spondylitis. The commonest diagnostic signs of some spinal diseases, similar to the clinical ones, were defined on clinical, X-ray, laboratory, and thermographic findings. This enabled a differentially diagnostic syndrome including 58 signs to be developed. The proposed syndrome is to facilitate the differential diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis from spinal tumors, degenerative and dystrophic processes, and nonspecific osteomyelitis of the vertebral column.
Asunto(s)
Espondilitis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/complicaciones , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Espondilitis/diagnóstico , Espondilitis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The capacities of laser biophotometry in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis and its complications were studied in 42 patients with this disease and in controls. There was a definite significant trend of changes in the reflection coefficient of a laser signal in patients with an active inflammatory process in the vertebrae, which makes it possible to establish a differential diagnosis of the above conditions and to determine the time course of changes in the specific process in the vertebral column during therapy. Comparative analysis of the proposed method with the thermographic technique used in clinical practice demonstrated that the validity of laser biophotometry was highly competitive with that of thermography.
Asunto(s)
Rayos Láser , Vértebras Lumbares , Vértebras Torácicas , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Osteocondritis/diagnóstico , Fotometría , Pronóstico , Termografía , Vértebras Torácicas/patología , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/patologíaRESUMEN
A total of 477 patients admitted to hospital for tuberculous spondylitis were examined. Further studies revealed that the process in the vertebral column was regarded as degenerative and dystrophic changes in 140 patients, nonspecific osteomyelitis in 94, and cancer in 22. The basis of diagnostic errors was the similarity of some clinical and X-ray manifestations and the pathomorphosis of tuberculous spondylitis, older patients, the wide use of antibiotics, which changes the clinical course of spinal tuberculosis. The causes of great difficulties in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis lie in the insufficient diagnostic capacities of district tuberculosis dispensaries and in the clinical and X-ray manifestations of spinal tuberculosis which have changed today.