RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Assess visual impairment in school children of upper-middle socioeconomic status in Kathmandu for comparison with rural Jhapa District. METHODS: Random selection of classes from secondary private schools in Kathmandu was used to identify the study sample. Children in 130 classes at 43 schools were enumerated using school records and examined between January-May 2006. Examinations included visual acuity testing, ocular motility evaluation, cycloplegic refraction, and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus. The principal cause was determined for eyes with uncorrected visual acuity < or = 20/40. RESULTS: A total of 4,501 children in grades 5-9 were enumerated; 4282 (95.1%) were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual impairment (< or = 20/40) in the better eye was 18.6%, 9.1%, and 0.86%, respectively. Refractive error was a cause in 93.3% of children with uncorrected visual impairment, amblyopia 1.8%, retinal disorders 1.3%, other causes 0.3%, and unexplained causes 4.4%. Among children correctable in at least one eye, 46.3% presented without the necessary spectacles. Visual impairment with myopia (-0.50 diopters) ranged from 10.9% in 10 year-olds to 27.3% in 15 year-olds, compared to 0.5%-3.0% in rural Jhapa District. Myopic visual impairment was associated with grade level, female gender, parental education, parental spectacle usage, and Mongol ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Visual impairment with myopia among upper-middle socioeconomic school children in Kathmandu is higher than that in rural Nepal, and a public health problem because nearly half are without corrective spectacles. Effective strategies are needed to eliminate this easily treatable cause of visual impairment.
Asunto(s)
Errores de Refracción/epidemiología , Clase Social , Trastornos de la Visión/epidemiología , Personas con Daño Visual/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Anteojos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Nepal/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
This study aimed to measurement of corneal astigmatism in non diabetic and diabetic patient with Keratometry. This perspective study was conducted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from March to June 2004 to find out clinical evaluation of corneal astigmatism in non diabetic and diabetic patients. A total 224 patients were include. Corneal astigmatism readings with the Takagi KM-1 Sutcliff type Keratometry was obtained by single examiners on 130 non diabetic patients (where as 112 right eye and 109 left eye) and 94 diabetic patients (both eyes) corneas. Corneal dioptric and magnitude of astigmatism were assessed. Average corneal diopters were 43.88 and 43.81 in non diabetic and diabetic cases. Average corneal astigmatism was 0.30 D and 0.07D in non diabetic and diabetic cases. Less astigmatism present on diabetic patient to compare non diabetic patients in total and both sex. Chances of diabetes mellitus are more visible in non astigmatism patient compare to astigmatism patients in both sexes (Table-1 and 2). No difference in astigmatic rule i.e. with the rule astigmatism in both diabetic and non diabetic patients but less astigmatism present in diabetic one.