RESUMEN
Due to morphological convergence and the application of numerous taxonomic concepts, the systematics of filamentous cyanobacteria is still a significant problem. The incorporation and integration of modern molecular, cyto-morphological and ecological approaches in cyanobacterial taxonomy are essential and must be acknowledged as the valid methods for the development of their modern systematics. In this study, method of using 16S rRNA gene sequences to infer the genetic relationships of twelve freshwater cyanobacterial isolates amongst themselves was evaluated. The taxonomic resolution was inferred from their phylogenetic tree, in silico restriction digestion analysis and secondary structure prediction. These methods allowed cyanobacterial genera to be well distinguished with their genotypic and phenotypic differences. Amongst twelve strains, Spirulina subsalsa with highest protein content was used in this study for evaluating the stability of Curcumin which is a curcuminoid compound reported from Curcuma longa. Though they have wide properties, they still lack stability and bioavailability. It is reported previously that microbes are used for biotransformation and act as a carrier molecule. Therefore, in this study, Spirulina incorporated with curcumin resulted with pH stability of curcumin and were found to have a biotransformation into Calebin-A, curcuminoid compound originally present in smaller amount (0.005%) in C. longa with various biomedical applications.
Asunto(s)
Curcumina , Spirulina , Spirulina/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The study include the establishment of pharmacognostic and phytochemical characters of Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle, Ranunculaceae) and to compare them with its substitutes, Cyperus rotundus L. (Musta), C. scariosus R. Br., Cyperaceae, and Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fisch. ex Wydler, Araceae (Country Ativisha). Morphology of the four species was compared in authentic samples collected from the field. We performed histological, histochemical, phytochemical tests, using standard protocols. HPLC studies were done on aqueous extracts of samples in a Shimadzu HPLC system and the peaks were observed at 254 nm. Pharmacognostic characterization of Ativisha and others was done as completely as possible. On basis of histochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloid, terpenoid-alkaloid complex, lipids and calcium oxalate majorly. There was less than 50% similarity between Ativisha and the other three species in microscopic characters. There was greater similarity (87%) between the two Cyperus species. The phytochemical studies, on the other hand, showed less similarity (79.2%) between the two Cyperus species. There was greater phytochemical similarity (84.6%) between Aconitum and Cryptocoryne, which justifies the name "Country Ativisha" for the latter. Based on anatomical and histochemical analysis, structural as well as chemical parameters helpful in distinguishing Ativisha from the other three species were established. The phytochemical profiles showed that A. heterophyllum and Cyperus species have five common HPLC peaks which may explain some of their common therapeutic activities. Ativisha and Cryptocoryne show greater phytochemical similarities to one another and this explains why the latter is used in Siddha system of medicine as country Ativisha.