RESUMEN
Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key economic pest of citrus and represents a quarantine issue along the United States and Mexico Border. In order to respond to this threat, the United States Department of Agriculture produces approximately 175 million sterile Mexican fruit fly pupae per week and releases approximately 150 million adult flies per week via conventional fixed wing aircraft. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) offer a novel means of releasing sterile insects aerially, can be deployed on short notice in rapid response scenarios, require a small footprint to operate, and offer an alternative means to releasing sterile insects to traditional manned aircraft. UAS, however, are currently limited in two key areas, range and payload capacity. Swarm technology, flying multiple UAS at once, may increase the utility of UAS by distributing payloads and release patterns across multiple UAS. In order to test the viability of swarm technology in the release of sterile insects we conducted multiple mark release recapture experiments over south Texas citrus groves during 2017, 2018, and 2019. The results of this study demonstrate improved release rates from 89.9% (n = 5) of flies released with ca. 0.64% recapture during 2018, to 98.2% (n = 6) released with ca. 0.74% recapture during 2019. These results demonstrate that swarm technology is a viable technique for increasing aerial release capacity and flexibility of sterile insect technique (SIT) programs.
Asunto(s)
Citrus , Tephritidae , Aeronaves , Animales , Control Biológico de Vectores , TexasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their continuity since childhood among young adults from the same ethnic group living in 2 low-income contexts. METHOD: Young adults (N = 2,004; ages 15-29) were followed (82.8% retention) as part of the Boricua Youth Study, a study of Puerto Rican youths recruited at ages 5-13 in the South Bronx (SBx), New York, and Puerto Rico (PR). We estimated prevalence (lifetime; past year) of major depressive (MDD), mania, hypomania, generalized anxiety (GAD), tobacco dependence, and any other substance use disorders (SUD). RESULTS: The prevalence of every disorder was higher among young women from the SBx compared with those from PR (eg, 9.2% versus 4.1% past-year SUD; 14% versus 6.8% for MDD/GAD). Among SBx young men, tobacco dependence and illicit SUD were elevated. Across both contexts, men had higher adjusted odds of illicit SUD than women, while women had higher GAD than men. MDD did not differ by gender. Young adulthood disorders (except for alcohol use disorder and GAD) followed childhood disorders. For example, childhood externalizing disorders preceded both MDD (young men and women) and illicit SUD (young women only). CONCLUSION: Young women raised in a context where adversities like ethnic discrimination concentrate are at high risk for psychiatric disorders. In certain high-poverty contexts, young men may present with MDD as often as women. Interventions to prevent psychiatric disorders may need to address gender-specific processes and childhood disorders. However, SUD prevention among young men may need to address other factors.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , New York , Psicopatología , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
De uma maneira sumária, utilizando termos que possam ser entendidos pelo grande público, e sobretudo pelos pacientes, uma série de conceitos säo emitidos e uma padronizaçäo dos exercícios é estabelecida. Essa série de condutas representa a rotina no departamento de cirurgia neurológica em Oxford e que é usada na recuperaçäo de pacientes com lombalgia