RESUMEN
Background: The NutrIMSS program is granted to populations with chronic conditions to improve basic health indicators and its effectiveness in this population is unknown. Objective: To analyze the change in the basic health indicators of patients who attended the NutrIMSS Program, at the UMF No. 2 of the IMSS in Mexico City, during the period 2018 to 2019. Material and methods: From 105 files of IMSS beneficiaries, a retrospective cohort study was carried out considering two measurements, before and after the NutrIMSS program. To evaluate the average change over time of health indicators, GEE models (Generalized Estimation Equations) and multiple linear regression models were used. Statistical analysis was used using the statistical program StataCorp 2015. Results: Patients who attended the Program showed changes between the beginning and end of the period with an average of three months of follow-up. They presented a decrease in the following health indicators: body weight of 1 kg, body mass index: 0.8 kg/m2, glucose of 13 mg/dL, triglycerides of 57 mg/dL and cholesterol of 17 mg/dL (p < 0.005 in all cases). There was no difference in the level of blood pressure. Conclusions: The NutrIMSS program influenced the improvement of the health indicators of the population of the program and is an ally to improve the health of the IMSS beneficiary population.
Introducción: el programa NutrIMSS se otorga a población con padecimientos crónicos para mejorar los indicadores básicos de salud; sin embargo, se desconoce su efectividad en esta población. Objetivo: analizar el cambio en los indicadores básicos de salud de pacientes que acudieron al programa NutrIMSS, en la UMF No. 2 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la Ciudad de México, durante el periodo 2018 a 2019. Material y métodos: a partir de 105 expedientes de derechohabientes del IMSS se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, considerando dos mediciones, antes y después del programa NutrIMSS. Para evaluar el cambio promedio en el tiempo de los indicadores de salud se utilizaron modelos GEE (Ecuaciones de Estimación Generalizadas) y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico StataCorp 2015. Resultados: los pacientes que acudieron a NutrIMSS mostraron cambios entre el inicio y el fin del periodo, con un promedio de seguimiento de tres meses. Presentaron una disminución en los siguientes indicadores de salud: peso corporal de 1 kg, índice de masa corporal: 0.8 kg/m2, glucosa de 13 mg/dL, triglicéridos de 57 mg/dL y colesterol de 17 mg/dL (p < 0.005, en todos los casos). No se presentó diferencia en el nivel de la tensión arterial. Conclusiones: el programa NutrIMSS influyó para mejorar los indicadores de salud de la población del programa y es un aliado en la mejora de la salud de la población derechohabiente del IMSS.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Triglicéridos , Índice de Masa Corporal , MéxicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Here we analyzed the relationship of the food insecurity with overweight and food consumption in schoolchildren of Mexico City. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample (n=768) students of six primary schools of Mexico City. Socioeconomic status and food insecurity were evaluated by means of a questionnaire. According to food security-insecurity, the students were categorized in three groups (food secure, moderate food insecure and severe food insecure). Food consumption frequency was evaluated with a questionnaire. It was considered that students were overweight when their Z score values of body mass index (BMI) to age was greater than +2 standard deviations, according to CDC reference. RESULTS: The highest rate of overweight was observed in children with severe food insecurity (15.8%), followed by children with moderate food insecurity (10.4%), and by food secure children (6.9%). The same pattern was observed after adjusting by age, sex and socioeconomic status. The students with food insecurity had greater consumption of fatty cereals, salty foods and high energy density sweets. CONCLUSION: In schoolchildren, food insecurity is related to greater risk of overweight, possibly because the more food insecure households acquire more low cost and high energy density foods.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Conducta Alimentaria , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Pobreza , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Dulces , Niño , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Estudios Transversales , Grano Comestible , Femenino , Alimentos/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Desnutrición/etiología , México/epidemiología , Obesidad/etiología , Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Objective. Here we analyzed the relationship of the food insecurity with overweight and food consumption in schoolchildren of Mexico City. Materials and methods. Sample (n = 768) students of six primary schools of Mexico City. Socioeconomic status and food insecurity were evaluated by means of a questionnaire. According to food security-insecurity, the students were categorized in three groups (food secure, moderate food insecure and severe food insecure). Food consumption frequency was evaluated with a questionnaire. It was considered that students were overweight when their Z score values of body mass index (BMI) to age was greater than + 2 standard deviations, according to CDC reference. Results. The highest rate of overweight was observed in children with severe food insecurity (15.8%), followed by children with moderate food insecurity (10.4%), and by food secure children (6.9%). The same pattern was observed after adjusting by age, sex and socioeconomic status. The students with food insecurity had greater consumption of fatty cereals, salty foods and high energy density sweets. Conclusion. In schoolchildren, food insecurity is related to greater risk of overweight, possibly because the more food insecure households acquire more low cost and high energy density foods.
Objetivo. Analizar la relación de la inseguridad alimentaria con el sobrepeso y el consumo de alimentos en escolares de la Ciudad de México. Métodos. Muestra (n=768 escolares) por conveniencia de seis primarias de la ciudad de México. Por medio de un cuestionario se evaluó el estrato socioeconómico y la inseguridad alimentaria, de acuerdo con la última se clasificaron a los escolares en tres grupos (seguridad alimentaria, inseguridad moderada e inseguridad severa). Para evaluar el consumo de alimentos se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se consideró que los escolares presentaban sobrepeso cuando el valor de la puntuación Z del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para edad fue mayor a +2 desviaciones estándar de acuerdo con las tablas de los CDC. Resultados. La tasa más alta de sobrepeso se observó en los niños de hogares donde existía inseguridad alimentaria severa (15.8%), seguida por la de los niños que experimentaban moderada (10.4%), finalmente la tasa más reducida se observó en los que experimentaban seguridad alimentaria (6.9%), este patrón no se modificó después de ajustar por edad, sexo y estrato socioeconómico. Los escolares con inseguridad alimentaria tuvieron mayor consumo de cereales con grasa y de alimentos salados y dulces de alta densidad energética. Conclusiones. La inseguridad alimentaria se relaciona con mayor riesgo de sobrepeso en escolares, lo cual se puede deber a que en los hogares en los que se experimenta se adquieren más alimentos de bajo costo y alta densidad energética.