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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.656342.].
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BACKGROUND: Sustainability is a highly important theme worldwide and currently is being tackled by almost all disciplines. Indeed, the future of humanity is dependent on the actions taken now and in the immediate future. The Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) community has not been indifferent to this issue, and one of the concrete actions adopted by the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) was the establishment of the "Human Factors for Sustainable Development" (HFSD) Technical Committee. OBJECTIVE: To identify future paths of action, this paper recognizes the trajectory of the HFSD Technical Committee, summarizes the contributions presented at IEA2021, the International Congress on Ergonomics held virtually in Vancouver in 2021, and reflects on key aspects that should be boosted by the Technical Committee. METHODS: This is a qualitative interpretative study that reflects on the contributions of members of the HFSD community working on E/HF for sustainability. RESULTS: Central topics and opportunities in E/HF and sustainability include complexity of systems, behaviors, and work; energy use and consumption; co-design, interconnectivity, territories, and the relationships with stakeholders. CONCLUSION: Although the contributions have been growing, there is still a lot of work needed, both theoretically and practically. Themes to be discussed include the concepts of sustainability and work. Considering the centrality of human beings (i.e., decision making for achieving the different dimensions of sustainability), the authors identify a set of values as core principles for leading the discussion.
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Ergonomía , Desarrollo Sostenible , Humanos , Ergonomía/métodos , PredicciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare thrombolysis outcomes from the Costa Rican Stroke Registry Program (CRSRP) with published individual patient data from NINDS and CLOTBUST-ER trials using matching and outcome modeling from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study matching subjects on baseline characteristics, from the CRSRP, the control arm of CLOTBUST-ER, and the interventional arm of NINDS trials. Day 7-10/discharge modified Rankin Score (mRS), and early mortality was compared between matched subjects. A mortality model derived from RCTs was developed, and outcomes were compared at similar baseline NIHSS scores. CRSRP symptomatic hemorrhage (SICH) rate was compared with an Ibero-American cohort (IAC). RESULTS: Of 540 CRSRP patients, 351 received rt-PA under 3 hours and were matched with NINDS subjects yielding 292 pairs; 161 CRSRP subjects treated within 4.5 hours were matched with CLOTBUST-ER subjects resulting in 151 pairs. The proportion of patients achieving excellent outcomes (mRS 0-1) did not differ between CRSRP and either NINDS or CLOTBUST-ER (CRSRP vs NINDS: 36.6% vs 32.9%, p=0.3; CRSRP vs CLOTBUST-ER: 26.5% vs 24.5%, p=0.8). Mortality was higher for CRSRP vs CLOTBUST-ER (7.3% vs 0.7%, p=0.006), but not vs NINDS (6.5% vs 4.5%, p=0.4). A pooled mortality model derived from 15 RCTs representing 4410 patients (R2=0.39) showed CRSRP and NINDS within expected mortality, while CLOTBUST-ER showed lower than expected mortality. CRSRP SICH rate equaled IAC (5.7% vs 5.7%; p=0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcomes and SICH of thrombolysed Costa Rican patients compared favorably with published datasets, with a potential increase in early mortality.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Isquemia Encefálica/etiología , Costa Rica , Fibrinolíticos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica/efectos adversos , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person classroom instruction was placed on hold and university courses transitioned to online instruction. This transition resulted in novel challenges for instructors, including reduced professor-student interactions due to limited student webcam usage. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a reinforcement contingency on students' use of webcams during synchronous online instruction. An alternating treatments design was used to assess the impact of a reinforcement contingency consisting of 0.5 points contingent on daily webcam usage. We also assessed the results based on how the contingency was communicated to the students (a verbal statement on the daily quiz plus a reminder on lecture slides versus a statement on the lecture slide only). The reinforcement contingency reliably increased webcam usage, but there was not a significant difference in results as a function of how the presence of the reinforcement contingency was communicated. These findings suggest that the behavior of using webcams can change with a simple reinforcement contingency.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Structured and systematised checklists have been shown to prevent complications and improve patient care. We evaluated the implementation of systematic safety checklists in our neurocritical care unit (NCCU) and assessed its effect on patient outcomes. DESIGN/METHODS: This quality improvement project followed a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology. A checklist for medication reconciliation, thromboembolic prophylaxis, glycaemic control, daily spontaneous awakening, breathing trial, diet, catheter/lines duration monitoring and antibiotics de-escalation was implemented during daily patient rounds. Main outcomes included the rate of new infections, mortality and NCCU-length of stay (LOS). Intervened patients were compared with historical controls after propensity score and Euclidean distance matching to balance baseline covariates. RESULTS: After several PDSA iterations, we applied checklists to 411 patients; the overall average age was 61.34 (17.39). The main reason for admission included tumour resection (31.39%), ischaemic stroke (26.76%) and intracerebral haemorrhage (10.95%); the mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 2.58 (2.68). At the end of the study, the checklist compliance rate throughout the full NCCU stays reached 97.11%. After controlling for SOFA score, age, sex and primary admitting diagnosis, the implementation of systematic checklists significantly correlated with a reduced LOS (ß=-0.15, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.06), reduced rate of any new infections (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.87) and reduced urinary tract infections (UTIs) (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.55). Propensity score and Euclidean distance matching yielded 382 and 338 pairs with excellent covariate balance. After matching, outcomes remained significant. DISCUSSION: The implementation of safety checklists in the NCCU proved feasible, easy to incorporate into the NCCU workflow, and a helpful tool to improve adherence to practice guidelines and quality of care measurements. Furthermore, our intervention resulted in a reduced NCCU-LOS, rate of new infections and rate of UTIs compared with propensity score and Euclidean distance matched historical controls.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Lista de Verificación , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, since 2015, the treatment of hepatitis C is provided by SUS (Public Health System) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA). OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of non-adherence patients to hepatitis C treatment by DAA, investigating the epidemiological data in a large database from Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective study with patients treated between January 2015 and June 2019. Patients were considered adherent when received all medication doses during their treatment. The following data were evaluated: gender, age, type of treatment, period of treatment, presence of diabetes or HIV, previous therapy, originated from SUS or private medicine, fibrosis grade and HCV genotype. RESULTS: 1248 patients (56.8% males) were studied and 102/1248 (8.2%) were non-adherent to treatment. Age or gender not influenced significantly; 10.2% patients from SUS and 3.7% individuals from private medicine were non-adherent (P<0.0001; OR=2.9; CI95%=1.6-9.1); 13.1% patients were co-infected with HIV and among them, 15.9% abandoned treatment. Individuals without co-infection presented 7.0% of non-adherence (P<0.0001; OR=2.5; CI=1.5-4.1). All the other variables showed no differences in the adhesion rate. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that 8.2% of patients were non-adherent to HCV treatment, and that patients from the Public Health System and co-infected with HIV were significantly less adherent.
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Coinfección , Infecciones por VIH , Hepatitis C Crónica , Hepatitis C , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Brasil/epidemiología , Coinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Brazil, since 2015, the treatment of hepatitis C is provided by SUS (Public Health System) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA). OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of non-adherence patients to hepatitis C treatment by DAA, investigating the epidemiological data in a large database from Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective study with patients treated between January 2015 and June 2019. Patients were considered adherent when received all medication doses during their treatment. The following data were evaluated: gender, age, type of treatment, period of treatment, presence of diabetes or HIV, previous therapy, originated from SUS or private medicine, fibrosis grade and HCV genotype. RESULTS: 1248 patients (56.8% males) were studied and 102/1248 (8.2%) were non-adherent to treatment. Age or gender not influenced significantly; 10.2% patients from SUS and 3.7% individuals from private medicine were non-adherent (P<0.0001; OR=2.9; CI95%=1.6-9.1); 13.1% patients were co-infected with HIV and among them, 15.9% abandoned treatment. Individuals without co-infection presented 7.0% of non-adherence (P<0.0001; OR=2.5; CI=1.5-4.1). All the other variables showed no differences in the adhesion rate. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that 8.2% of patients were non-adherent to HCV treatment, and that patients from the Public Health System and co-infected with HIV were significantly less adherent.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: No Brasil, desde 2015, o tratamento da hepatite C é prestado pelo Sistema Público de Saúde (SUS) com antivirais de ação direta. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a taxa de não adesão de pacientes ao tratamento da hepatite C pelo antiviral de ação direta investigando os dados epidemiológicos em um banco de dados de Curitiba, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2015 e junho de 2019. Os pacientes foram considerados aderentes quando receberam todas as doses da medicação durante o tratamento. Foram avaliados os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, tipo de tratamento, tempo de tratamento, presença de diabetes ou HIV, terapia anterior, proveniente do SUS ou medicina privada, grau de fibrose e genótipo da hepatite C. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.248 pacientes (56,8% homens) foram estudados e desses, 102/1248 (8,2%) não aderiram ao tratamento. Idade ou sexo não influenciou significativamente; 10,2% pacientes do SUS e 3,7% da medicina privada eram não aderentes (P<0,0001; OR=2,9; IC95%=1,6-9,1); 13,1% dos pacientes foram coinfectados pelo HIV e, entre eles, 15,9% abandonaram o tratamento. Indivíduos sem coinfecção apresentaram 7,0% de não adesão (P<0,0001; OR=2,5; IC=1,5-4,1). Todas as outras variáveis não mostraram diferenças na taxa de adesão. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo mostrou que 8,2% dos pacientes não aderiram ao tratamento para hepatite C e que os pacientes do SUS e coinfectados pelo HIV eram significativamente menos aderentes.
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Background: Most research in genomics of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been done in subjects of European ancestry, leading to sampling bias and leaving Latin American populations underrepresented. We sought to clinically characterize PD patients of Costa Rican origin and to sequence familial PD and atypical parkinsonism-associated genes in cases and controls. Methods: We enrolled 118 PD patients with 97 unrelated controls. Collected information included demographics, exposure to risk and protective factors, and motor and cognitive assessments. We sequenced coding and untranslated regions in familial PD and atypical parkinsonism-associated genes including GBA, SNCA, VPS35, LRRK2, GCH1, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, VPS13C, and ATP13A2. Results: Mean age of PD probands was 62.12 ± 13.51 years; 57.6% were male. The frequency of risk and protective factors averaged ~45%. Physical activity significantly correlated with better motor performance despite years of disease. Increased years of education were significantly associated with better cognitive function, whereas hallucinations, falls, mood disorders, and coffee consumption correlated with worse cognitive performance. We did not identify an association between tested genes and PD or any damaging homozygous or compound heterozygous variants. Rare variants in LRRK2 were nominally associated with PD; six were located between amino acids p.1620 and 1623 in the C-terminal-of-ROC (COR) domain of Lrrk2. Non-synonymous GBA variants (p.T369M, p.N370S, and p.L444P) were identified in three healthy individuals. One PD patient carried a pathogenic GCH1 variant, p.K224R. Discussion: This is the first study that describes sociodemographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, and genetics of Costa Rican patients with PD, adding information to genomics research in a Latino population.
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A patient presented with fever, generalised rash, confusion, orofacial movements and myoclonus after receiving the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna. MRI was unremarkable while cerebrospinal fluid showed leucocytosis with lymphocyte predominance and hyperproteinorrachia. The skin evidenced red, non-scaly, oedematous papules coalescing into plaques with scattered non-follicular pustules. Skin biopsy was consistent with a neutrophilic dermatosis. The patient fulfilled the criteria for Sweet syndrome. A thorough evaluation ruled out alternative infectious, autoimmune or malignant aetiologies, and all manifestations resolved with glucocorticoids. While we cannot prove causality, there was a temporal correlation between the vaccination and the clinical findings.
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Encefalitis , Mioclonía , Síndrome de Sweet , Vacuna nCoV-2019 mRNA-1273 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Encefalitis/diagnóstico , Encefalitis/etiología , Humanos , Mioclonía/etiología , Síndrome de Sweet/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sweet/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Sweet/etiologíaRESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: describir la experiencia de un servicio en angiografía coronaria en cuanto al abordaje radial distal izquierdo a través de la tabaquera anatómica. Material y método: de abril a agosto de 2018 se asignaron 40 pacientes a angiografía coronaria por vía radial izquierda distal a través de la tabaquera anatómica. Se hizo un análisis de tipo descriptivo de las principales variables cuantitativas asociadas al procedimiento (frecuencia de acceso fallido, procedimiento fallido, tiempo de procedimiento, tiempo de fluoroscopia, nivel de dolor en el paciente, sensación de comodidad para el paciente y para el operador, cantidad de medio de contraste empleado y algunas variables demográficas). Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con indicación de arteriografía coronaria para estudio diagnóstico y con pulso palpable en la zona de la tabaquera anatómica. Resultados y conclusión: la cantidad de medio de contraste en promedio empleada fue de 49 ml (SD ± 13), el tiempo promedio de procedimiento fue de 11,3 minutos (SD ± 4.3) y el tiempo de fluoroscopia promedio fue de 3,3 minutos (SD ± 2.8). La mediana para el nivel de dolor en los pacientes fue de 4, la mediana para la comodidad del operador fue de 10 y la mediana para la comodidad en el paciente fue de 10. Se concluye así que el acceso radial distal izquierdo es una alternativa técnicamente factible, ofrece comodidad para el paciente y el operador, y arroja bajas tasas de falla y complicaciones en pacientes seleccionados.
Abstract Objective: To present the experience of one Department in coronary angiography as regards the left distal radius approach through the anatomical snuff box. Material and Method: A total of 40 patients were subjected to coronary angiography through the anatomical snuff box, from April to August 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed on the quantitative variables associated with the procedure (frequency of failed access, failed procedure, procedure time, fluoroscope time, patient pain level, feeling of comfort for the patient and for the operator, amount of contrast used, and some demographic variables). The study included patients over 18 years-old with an indication for coronary angiography for a diagnostic study, and with a palpable pulse in the anatomic snuff box area. Results and conclusion: The mean amount of contrast media employed was 49 ml (SD ± 13), the mean procedure time was 11.3 minutes (SD ± 4.3), and the mean fluoroscope time was 3.3 minutes (SD ± 2.8). The median for the pain level in patients was 4, the median for comfort of the operator was 10, and the median for comfort of the patient was also 10. It was able to be concluded that the left distal radial access is a technically feasible alternative. It is comfortable for the patient and the operator, with low failure rates and complications in selected patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Angiografía Coronaria , Arteria Radial , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Insuficiencia CardíacaAsunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Ventrículos Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Aceites de Silicona/efectos adversos , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desprendimiento de Retina/complicaciones , Desprendimiento de Retina/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites de Silicona/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XAsunto(s)
Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagen , Epilepsia/patología , Hiperostosis Frontal Interna/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperostosis Frontal Interna/patología , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Femenino , Hueso Frontal/patología , Cefalea/etiología , Humanos , Hiperostosis Frontal Interna/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We conducted an observational study evaluating the association between uric acid, mean platelet volume (MPV), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with complications and outcomes of patients with sepsis in a critical care setting. METHODS: We followed patients with a diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock for a maximum of 28 days. Main outcomes assessed included length of stay (LOS), the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), assisted mechanical ventilation (AMV), and vasopressor support as well as in-unit mortality. RESULTS: The overall average age of the 37 patients enrolled was 48.1 (19.8) years; among them, 37.8% were male. Abdominal related (43.2%) and pulmonary (29.7%) were the main sites of infection. The overall Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 2 (APACHE-2) median score was 19 (9-24). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was observed in 46.9% of the sample. In all, 54.1% required vasopressor support, 54.1% AMV, and 35.1% RRT. Patients with bacteremia were significantly more likely to require vasopressor support and those with urinary tract infections were significantly younger. We found increasing ΔMPV levels, higher APACHE-2 scores, lower HDL values, and a reduced age to be associated with a longer LOS. Higher scores on the APACHE-2 scale and lower levels of HDL significantly associated with higher odds for developing AKI. The need for vasopressor support was significantly associated with higher values of 72-hour MPV and with higher levels of baseline uric acid and lower values of initial HCO3. Initial and 72-hour levels of MPV and higher scores in the APACHE-2 were all significantly correlated with the need for AMV. An increased probability of dying during follow-up was significantly correlated with increasing age. CONCLUSION: We were able to establish significant associations between our candidate biomarkers and relevant outcomes for patients with sepsis. Our results support the use of these low-cost biomarkers in the assessment of prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Volúmen Plaquetario Medio/mortalidad , Sepsis/sangre , Sepsis/mortalidad , Ácido Úrico/sangre , APACHE , Lesión Renal Aguda/microbiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/estadística & datos numéricos , Resultados de Cuidados Críticos , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal/estadística & datos numéricos , Respiración Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Sepsis/complicacionesRESUMEN
La extracción incidental de un stent coronario es una complicación poco frecuente en las intervenciones coronarias percutáneas. En este evento adverso, pese a ser infrecuente, se han reducido las tasas de incidencia en los últimos años, sin embargo debe tenerse en cuenta por los cardiólogos intervencionistas como una complicación que representa en el paciente alta probabilidad de morbimortalidad. Se presenta el caso de un paciente quien presenta extracción no intencional de un stent previamente implantado en una reintervención coronaria.
Coronary stent incidental retrieval is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Although the incidence of this unusual adverse event has decreased in recent years, interventionist cardiologists should be aware this complication represents increased risk of morbidity and mortality for patients. A case is presented of incidental retrieval of a stent which was previously placed during a coronary reintervention.
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Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Stents , Hallazgos IncidentalesRESUMEN
Las complicaciones vasculares en los cateterismos cardíacos en general son infrecuentes y están en relación directa con el sitio específico de la punción vascular. Dado que el hematoma tímico es de rara ocurrencia, no suele considerase entre los diagnósticos diferenciales del dolor torácico poscateterismo cardíaco. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 62 años que desarrolló un hematoma tímico luego de practicar una arteriografía coronaria.
Vascular complications in cardiac catheterizations are usually infrequent and are directly related to the specific site of vascular puncture. Since the thymic hematoma is so rare, it is not considered a differential diagnosis of chest pain after cardiac catheterization. We present the case of a 62-year-old patient who develops a thymic hematoma after having been taken to a coronary arteriography.
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hematoma , Timo , Dolor en el Pecho , Cateterismo Cardíaco , MediastinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Repeated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies cause myocardial damage and, thus, an increased risk of arrhythmias and mortality. HYPOTHESIS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) reduces the number of appropriate therapies in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%). METHODS: The retrospective study involved 175 consecutive patients (mean age, 64.6 ±10.4 years; 86.9% males) with reduced LVEF of 27.9% ±7.6% treated with an ICD (56.6%) or CRT-D (43.4%), according to standard indications, between January 2009 and July 2014. Devices were placed for either primary (54.3%) or secondary prevention (45.7%). Mean follow-up was 2.5 ±1.5 years. Predictors of first appropriate therapy were assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-four (25.1%) patients received ≥1 appropriate therapy. Although patients treated with CRT-D had lower LVEF and poorer New York Heart Association class, CRT-D patients with LVEF improvement >35% at the end of follow-up had a significantly lower risk of receiving a first appropriate therapy relative to those with an ICD (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.83, P = 0.025), independently of ischemic cardiomyopathy, baseline LVEF, and secondary prevention. There were no differences in mortality between the ICD and the CRT-D groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients receiving CRT-D had a worse clinical profile, they received fewer device therapies in comparison with those receiving an ICD. This reduction is associated with a significant improvement in LVEF.
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Dispositivos de Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca , Desfibriladores Implantables , Cardioversión Eléctrica/instrumentación , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Volumen Sistólico , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/terapia , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Anciano , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca/efectos adversos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Cardioversión Eléctrica/efectos adversos , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevención Primaria , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Diseño de Prótesis , Falla de Prótesis , Recuperación de la Función , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Prevención Secundaria , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/diagnóstico , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Limited data on stroke exist for Costa Rica. Therefore, we created a stroke registry out of patients with stroke seen in the Acute Stroke Unit of the Hospital Calderon Guardia. METHODS: We analyzed 1319 patients enrolled over a 7-year period, which incorporated demographic, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with stroke was 68.0 ± 15.5 years. Seven hundred twenty-five were men and the age range was 13-104 years. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (78.8%), dyslipidemia (36.3%), and diabetes (31.9%). Fifteen percent had atrial fibrillation and 24.7% had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Prevalence of hypertension and atrial fibrillation increased with age; however, younger patients were more associated with thrombophilia. We documented 962 (72.9%) ischemic and 270 (20.5%) hemorrhagic strokes. Of the ischemic strokes, 174 (18.1%) were considered secondary to large-artery atherothrombosis, 175 (18.2%) were due to cardiac embolism, 19 (2.0%) were due to lacunar infarcts, and 25 (2.6%) were due to other determined causes. Five hundred sixty-nine (59.1%) remained undetermined. Atherothrombotic strokes were mostly associated with dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, whereas lacunar infarcts were associated with hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Of our patients, 69.9% scored between 0 and 9 in the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). CONCLUSIONS: We found differences in sociodemographic features, risk factors, and stroke severity among stroke subtypes. Risk factor prevalence was similar to other registries involving Hispanic populations.
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Hemorragias Intracraneales/epidemiología , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comorbilidad , Costa Rica , Hospitales , Humanos , Hemorragias Intracraneales/diagnóstico , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Sistema de Registros , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Sedentaria , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Bilateral and simultaneous facial nerve palsy (FNP) is a rare clinical condition occurring in 0.3-2.0% of facial palsy cases and is typically a manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. We here describe a case of a 67-year-old Hispanic man with a known history of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) who presented to the clinic with a sub-acute onset of bilateral facial weakness. No alternate etiology for the facial weakness was identified after a thorough diagnostic approach. WM is a rare hematological condition due to low-grade B cell lymphoma, where lymphoplasmacytoid cells infiltrate different tissues and secrete monoclonal IgM. Peripheral neuropathy develops in 15-30% of the cases, being usually a chronic, progressive, symmetric, predominantly distal polyneuropathy. Facial nerve impairment is unusual; however, it could be caused by anoxic damage as a result of an increased blood viscosity from IgM monoclonal gammopathy, direct nerve infiltration of tumorous cells and an antibody (anti-MAG) mediated demyelinating process. Treatment is directed to the established mechanism for neural injury. This report highlights a rare condition (WM) with a rare complication (bilateral facial nerve palsy) and illustrates the broad differential comprised by this presenting complaint.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/complicaciones , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Parálisis Facial/diagnóstico por imagen , Parálisis Facial/etiología , Humanos , Tuberculosis Latente/complicaciones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Debilidad Muscular/diagnóstico por imagen , Debilidad Muscular/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/rehabilitación , Neuralgia/etiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Objetivo: describir el primer caso de implante de válvula aortica transcatéter (Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: TAVI) en el Hospital de San José en una paciente con estenosis aortica severa degenerativa sintomática con disfunción sistólica severa. Diseño del estudio: reporte de caso. Metodología: mujer de 76 años referida al servicio bajo la sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo y estenosis aórtica severa sintomática, considerando candidata a manejo intervenconista mediante TAVI. Se trata del primer caso en el cual se implementa dicho procedimiento en el servivio de Hemodinamia del Hospital de San José Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá. Conclusión: la TAVI es una alternativa valida para intervenir paciente con riesgo quirúrgico. El servicio de Hemodinamia del Hospital de San José Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá dispone del recurso asistencial necesario para llevar este tipo de procedimientos.
Objective: to describe the first case of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) performed at Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José of Bogotá, in a patient with symptomatic severe degenerative aortic valve stenosis with severe systolic dysfunction. Study Design: a case report. Methodology: a 76-year-old woman referred to the hemodynamics service with clinical suspicion for acute coronary syndrome and symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, considered a suitable candidate for interventional management with TAVI. This is the first case of this procedure performed at the hemodynamics service of said hospital. Conclusion: TAVI is a valid option for patients who are deemed at intermediate, high or extremely high risk of complications from surgical aortic valve replacement. The hemodynamics service of Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José of Bogotá, has the necessary healthcare resources to deliver this type of procedures.