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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise modality acknowledged to maintain physical fitness with more engagement in an active lifestyle compared with other traditional exercise models. Nevertheless, its effects on cardiac control and physical performance in an online-guided setting are not yet clarified. The present work assessed physical fitness and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after an online, home-based HIIT program in college-age students while pandemic lockdowns were in effect. Twenty university students (age: 21.9 ± 2.4 years.) that were solely enrolled in online classes were distributed into three groups: control-CON-(n = 6), 14 min of HIIT-HIIT-14-(n = 8), and 21 min of HIIT-HIIT-21-(n = 6). A maximal push-up test was employed to assess muscular endurance and performance, and resting HRV signals were collected with wireless heart rate monitors and were processed in Kubios HRV Std. (Kubios Oy, Finland). There was an increase in total push-up capacity compared to CON (p < 0.05 HIIT-21 vs. CON; p < 0.001 HIIT-14 vs. CON) after 8 weeks. A significant interaction was observed in high-frequency and low-frequency spectra ratios after the HIIT-21 intervention (p < 0.05). The current work demonstrated that either short- or mid-volume online, whole-body HIIT improves muscle strength, whereas mid-volume HIIT (HIIT-21) was the only intervention that developed a sympathovagal adaptation. This study showed promising results on muscular endurance and cardiac autonomic modulation through whole-body HIIT practice at home.

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The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to describe consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages and to evaluate their correlation with the body mass index in children residing at the Mexico−USA border. A total of 722 (370 girls, 352 boys) elementary school children aged 9 to 12 years from Tijuana, Mexico, participated in the study. Anthropometric measures were recorded, and a beverage intake questionnaire was completed by the children's parents. Significant age by sex interactions were found on body mass index Z-scores (p < 0.01). Boys showed higher sugar intake (p < 0.05) and total relative energy consumption from sugar (p < 0.05) than girls. The energy consumption from sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages was similar between sexes (p > 0.05). Sugar intake from beverages was higher than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization in boys (66%) and girls (44%). A high frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and similar intake of dairy beverages were found in children from the Mexico−USA border. The high consumption of sugar exceeds international recommendations and should be carefully monitored.

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increased sedentary behavior, psychological stress, and sleep disturbances in the population favoring the installation of alterations in the cardiovascular system. In this sense, physical exercise has widely been suggested as an efficient treatment to improve health. The current study determined the impact of short-term high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on resting heart rate variability (HRV) in adults. METHODS: Nine healthy participants (age: 31.9 ± 4.4 yr.) performed 36 HICT sessions (3 times per day; 3 days per week) and four participants (age: 29.5 ± 1.7 yr.) were assigned to a control group. The HICT consisted of 12 min of whole-body exercises performed during a workout. Twenty-four hours before and after the exercise program, HRV parameters were recorded. RESULTS: The heart rate exercise during the last session trended to be lower when compared with the first HICT session (p = 0.07, d = 0.39, 95% CI = -13.50, 0.72). The interval training did not modify the HRV time (Mean NN, SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, total power) domain parameters. CONCLUSION: Thirty-six HICT sessions did not provide enough stimuli to modify the resting HRV in adults during social isolation elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the data suggested that exercise protocol did not induce cardio-vagal adaptations.

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Life expectancy has increased unprecedentedly in recent decades, benefiting the longevity of the world's population. The most frequent pathological conditions presented in this age group include excessive body fat, frailty, and hypercholesterolemia. These pathological characteristics condition general health and autonomy in adults to carry out their usual activities. In this sense, the search for a healthy lifestyle is necessary, consisting in a healthy diet that includes supplementation with nutraceuticals and the daily practice of physical activity. This study protocol aims to evaluate the independent and synergistic effect of 12 weeks of Spirulina maxima intake (5 g/day), with or without an exercise program on metabolic and fitness parameters of 52 sedentary older adults with excessive body mass in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled trial design. The main findings from this trial will provide novel evidence for future interventions designed for the elderly population and the result will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and international meetings. ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT04658875 (Effect of Spirulina maxima and Exercise on General Fitness and Blood Lipids in Older Adults).

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Perceived lack of time is one of the most often cited barriers to exercise participation. High intensity interval training has become a popular training modality that incorporates intervals of maximal and low-intensity exercise with a time commitment usually shorter than 30 min. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term run interval training (RIT) on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory responses in undergraduate college students. Nineteen males (21.5 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to a non-exercise control (CON, n = 10) or RIT (n = 9). Baseline measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate (HRrest), double product (DP) and BC were obtained from both groups. VO2max and running speed associated with VO2peak (sVO2peak) were then measured. RIT consisted of three running treadmill sessions per week over 4 weeks (intervals at 100% sVO2peak, recovery periods at 40% sVO2peak). There were no differences in post-training BC or VO2max between groups (p > 0.05). HRrest (p = 0.006) and DP (p ≤ 0.001) were lower in the RIT group compared to CON at completion of the study. RIT lowered HRrest and DP in the absence of appreciable BC and VO2max changes. Thereby, RIT could be an alternative model of training to diminish health-related risk factors in undergraduate college students.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias significativas en la circunferencia del brazo y en el número de repeticiones realizadas en base a dos métodos de entrenamiento: oclusión vascular y tradicional. Se reclutaron ocho sujetos a los cuales, de manera aleatoria, se les asignó el método de oclusión vascular (OVbi) para un brazo y el entrenamiento tradicional (ETmi) para el otro. Se realizó un pretest en el cual se midió la circunferencia del brazo y la cantidad de repeticiones que pudieran realizar con una carga equivalente al 9% de la masa corporal. Después de cuatro semanas de tratamiento (tres sesiones por semana) se realizó el postest. Los resultados no encontraron interacción significativa en la circunferencia del brazo (p = 0.164) ni en la cantidad de repeticiones (p = 0.390), sin embargo, si se encontraron diferencias en la cantidad de repeticiones realizadas entre el pretest y postest (p = 0.048). Estos resultados demuestran que, independientemente del tratamiento (OVbi y ETmi), los sujetos aumentaron el número de repeticiones realizadas, en pocas palabras, un entrenamiento a baja intensidad con oclusión vascular durante cuatro semanas es igual de efectivo a un entrenamiento tradicional de moderada intensidad.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of vascular occlusion (VO) and traditional resistance training (TRT) methods on arm circumference and number of repetitions to exhaustion. Eight participants were randomly assigned to VO in one arm and TRT on the other. Before and after four weeks of training performed three times per week, measurements were obtained on arm circumference and number of repetitions with a workload equivalent to 9% of body mass. No significant treatment by measurements interactions were found on arm circumference (p = 0.164) and number of repetitions to exhaustion (p = 0.390). Regardless of the training method, participants improved number of repetition to exhaustion following the intervention (p = 0.048). In conclusion, four weeks of VO is as effective as TRT for improving arm muscular performance to exhaustion.

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Resumen Aburto-Corona, J. y Aragón-Vargas, L.F. (2017). Refinando el tempo de la música para un efecto ergogénico durante el ejercicio de ciclismo estacionario. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 15(2), 13-25. El efecto de la música durante el ejercicio ha sido estudiado desde muchas perspectivas, pero los resultados no han sido del todo claros, probablemente por la falta apropiada de control en la investigación. El propósito de este estudio fue medir el rendimiento físico en bicicleta estacionaria en un ambiente caluroso, en condiciones cuidadosamente controladas, modificando solo el tempo de la música. Diez estudiantes físicamente activos, con 24.5±3.6 años de edad (promedio ± desviación estándar), escogieron su música favorita para hacer ejercicio y realizaron una prueba de máximo esfuerzo en bicicleta. Durante las siguientes visitas al laboratorio, los participantes pedalearon a una cadencia de su preferencia y contra una resistencia constante (70% de la carga máxima) dentro de un cuarto de clima controlado (28.6±0.5°C y 65±3%FC), por 30 minutos en tres días diferentes, sin música (NM), con música tempo medio (MT-120ppm) o música tempo rápido (FT-140ppm) en orden aleatorio. Se registró el esfuerzo percibido (EP), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el trabajo realizado (TR). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre condiciones en EP (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06u.a. para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.162) ni FC (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36lpm para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.994). Sin embargo, sí se encontraron diferencias en TR (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97kJ para NM, MT y FT, respectivamente, p=.009); el análisis post-hoc demostró que esas diferencias en TR eran entre FT y NM. Al utilizar música del agrado de cada persona durante el ejercicio, los participantes mejoraron el rendimiento físico solo con tempo rápido de 140ppm.

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Abstract Aburto-Corona, J. & Aragón-Vargas, L.F. (2017). Refining music tempo for an ergogenic effect on stationary cycling exercise. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 15(2), 1-12. The effect of music on exercise performance has been studied from many perspectives, but the results have not been as clear as expected, probably due to a lack of appropriate controls. The purpose of this study was to measure stationary cycling performance in a warm environment under carefully controlled conditions, modifying only the presence of music and its tempo. Ten physically active students, 24.5 ±3.6 years (mean±SD) selected their favorite exercise music and performed a maximum cycling test. During subsequent visits to the laboratory, they pedaled at their preferred speed against a constant resistance (70% of maximum) in an environmentally controlled chamber (28.6±0.5 °C db and 65±3% rh) for 30 min, on three different days, without music (NM), medium tempo music (MT-120 bpm) or fast tempo music (FT-140 bpm), in random order. Perceived exertion (PE), heart rate (HR) and total work performed (W) were recorded. There was no significant difference among conditions for PE (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06 a.u. for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.162) or HR (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36 bpm for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.994), but W was different (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97, kJ for NM, MT and FT, respectively, p=.009); post-hoc analysis showed that the W difference was only between FT and NM. Using individually selected preferred music in a carefully controlled environment, participants improved their spontaneous cycling performance only when the music had a fast tempo of 140 bpm.

Resumo Aburto-Corona, J. & Aragón-Vargas, L.F. (2017). Refinando o tempo da música para um efeito ergogênico no exercício do ciclismo ergométrico. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 15(2), 1-12. O efeito da música durante o exercício tem sido estudado desde muitas perspectivas, mas os resultados não tem sido totalmente claros, provavelmente pela falta apropriada de controle na pesquisa. O propósito deste estudo foi medir o rendimento físico em uma bicicleta ergométrica em um ambiente quente, em condições cuidadosamente controladas, modificando apenas o tempo da música. Dez estudantes fisicamente ativos, 24.5±3.6 anos de idade (média ± desvio padrão), escolheram sua música favorita para fazer exercício e realizaram uma prova de máximo esforço na bicicleta. Durante as seguintes visitas ao laboratório, os participantes mantiveram uma cadência de sua preferência e uma resistência constante (70% da carga máxima) dentro de uma sala de clima controlado (28.6±0.5°C e 65±3%HR) por 30 minutos em três dias diferentes, sem música (NM), com música de ritmo moderado (MT-120bpm) ou música de ritmo rápido (FT-140bpm) em ordem aleatória. Foi registrado o esforço percebido (PE), a frequência cardíaca (HR) e o trabalho realizado (W). Não se encontrou diferença significativa entre condições PE (4.47±1.52; 4.22±1.5; 3.83±2.06u.a. para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.162) nem HR (142.4±24.53; 142.6±24.37; 142.9±18.36bpm para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.994). Porém, sim foram encontradas diferenças em W (43.4±19.02; 46.1±20.34; 47.1±20.97kJ para NM, MT e FT, respectivamente, p=.009); a análise post-hoc demonstrou que essas diferenças em W eram entre FT e NM. Ao utilizar música que cada pessoa gosta de ouvir enquanto se exercita em um ambiente cuidadosamente controlado, os participantes melhoraram o rendimento físico somente com ritmo rápido de 140bpm.

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