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BACKGROUND: Limb salvage by ortho-plastic teams is the standard protocol for treating open tibial fractures in high-income countries, but there's limited research on this in conflict settings like the Gaza Strip. This study assessed the clinical impact of gunshot-related open tibial fractures, compared patient management by orthopedic and ortho-plastic teams, and identified the risk factors for bone non-union in this context. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on Gaza Strip patients with gunshot-induced-open tibial fractures from March 2018 to October 2020. Data included patient demographics, treatments, and outcomes, with at least one year of follow-up. Primary outcomes were union, non-union, infection, and amputation. RESULTS: The study included 244 injured individuals, predominantly young adult males (99.2%) with nearly half (48.9%) having Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB fractures and more than half (66.8%) with over 1 cm of bone loss. Most patients required surgery, including rotational flaps and bone grafts with a median of 3 admissions and 9 surgeries. Ortho-plastic teams managed more severe muscle and skin injuries, cases with bone loss > 1 cm, and performed less debridement compared to other groups, though these differences were not statistically significant. Non-union occurred in 53% of the cases, with the ortho-plastic team having the highest rate at 63.6%. Infection rates were high (92.5%), but no significant differences in bone or infection outcomes were observed among the different groups. Logistic regression analysis identified bone loss > 1 cm, vascular injury, and the use of a definitive fixator at the first application as predictors of non-union. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the severity and complexity of such injuries, emphasizing their significant impact on patients and the healthcare system. Ortho-plastic teams appeared to play a crucial role in managing severe cases. However, further research is still needed to enhance our understanding of how to effectively manage these injuries.
RESUMEN
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The most recent wave of lower limb amputees in Gaza arises from ballistic injuries sustained during protests. This study evaluates the requirement for surgical revision of these mature stumps to allow prosthetic fit and mobility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary team (MDT) comprising a prosthetist, orthopaedic and plastic surgeons and a physiotherapist screened 104 amputee stumps (103 cases). The 27 cases selected for surgical revision (stump-plasty) are the subject of this study.The MDT prescriptions of care issued at screening were compared to surgical procedures performed at stump-plasty and the findings. Compliance with the MDT prescription was recorded. Stump issues are identified to propose modifications of primary amputation technique to mitigate future revisions.Patients' healthcare status was assessed by questionnaire (EQ-5D-L5) at screening, then subsequently post-stump-plasty. RESULTS: More below-knee amputees (BKAs) than above-knee amputees (AKAs) required stump-plasty. Revisions varied according to the quality of tissue present at the amputation level. AKA revisions addressed bulk and contour issues whereas BKA revisions related to bone prominence, neuroma formation and lack of soft tissue cover. Despite many variations in tissue-targeted procedures being possible, the MDT prescription was followed accurately at surgery.Suggested modifications at primary amputation to decrease revisions include improved bone tip bevelling at BKA and greater soft tissue reduction at AKA. Severed nerve management needs to be rationalised to reduce primary neuroma formation and neuroma revision at stump-plasty requires consideration to attempt to reduce the recurrent risk. Removal of the fibular remnant in short BKA stumps at primary amputation could mitigate common peroneal nerve hypersensitivity later.Following stump-plasty, amputees recorded a significantly improved score in three of five dimensions of the EQ-5D-L5 questionnaire: activities, anxiety levels and pain. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Primary ballistic injury dictates the level of amputation and the resultant stump quality. Issues arising in these complex amputee stumps benefited from measured decisions and specialist care delivered by the MDT. Stump-plasty aims to improve the amputees' prosthetic fit, mobility and health. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Godwin Y, Almaqadma A, Abukhoussa H, et al. Stump-plasty: An Operation Born of Necessity in Gaza. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2021;16(2):102-109.