RESUMEN
The peculiarities and techniques of craniofacial identification using lifetime video and X-ray photographs presented as comparative materials are examined.
Asunto(s)
Antropología Forense/métodos , Odontología Forense/métodos , Patologia Forense/métodos , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Cráneo/patología , Cefalometría , Huesos Faciales/anatomía & histología , Huesos Faciales/patología , Humanos , Modelos Anatómicos , Fotograbar , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The problems and errors in personal identifications in rescue work after accidents with a large number of human victims are considered. The order of actions of forensic medical experts in personal identification in emergency situation is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Desastres , Antropología Forense/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Organizational aspects of the forensic medical expertise of fragmented corpses in cases of huge death-rolls are discussed. Algorithm of identification examinations; principle requirements applicable to expert's examinations in cases when the objects of examination are brought in within some time intervals; as well as peculiarities and methods of registration, of separate examinations and of classification of objects are under consideration.
Asunto(s)
Cadáver , Desastres , Medicina Legal , Autopsia/métodos , Medicina Legal/métodos , Medicina Legal/organización & administración , Humanos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The article deals with the peculiarities of person identification of the great number of unidentified bodies subjected to considerable destruction and fragmentation and of the remains from the group burial places. The main principles of organization and conduction of objects' identification are formulated; the basic algorithm of these investigations is expounded. The authors substantiate the necessity of creation of specialized computer complex intended for identification of the fragmented bodies in the cases of their mass delivery.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Legal/métodos , Personal Militar , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Antropología Forense/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Results of development and prospects of using new computer technologies of craniofacial personality identification based on three-dimensional simulation of identification objects are demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Cara , Antropología Forense , Medicina Legal , Cráneo , Computadores , HumanosRESUMEN
This article describes the identification of skeletal remains attributed to the family of Tsar Nicolay Romanov and other persons buried together at a site near present-day Ekaterinburg, Russia. Detailed descriptions are given regarding the objective methods of craniofacial and odontological identification that were used. Employing computer-assisted photographic superimposition techniques and statistical analysis of morphologic and other characteristics of the specimens, this study identifies with a high likelihood of certainty the remains of the Tsar, his wife, three of his four daughters, and four household assistants. Very strong evidence is presented that the Tsar's daughter Anastasia was killed in 1918. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the methods and trustworthiness of the results, as well as the prospects of future application of the methods for the identification of skeletonized human remains. Anat Rec (New Anat) 265:15-32, 2001.
Asunto(s)
Personajes , Antropología Forense/historia , Odontología Forense/historia , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Diente/anatomía & histología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Antropología Forense/métodos , Odontología Forense/métodos , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Algorithm of organization measures and expert investigations is proposed, based on experience gained in expert studies during liquidation of aircraft catastrophes. It permits effective classification, differentiation, and identification of victims and is based on traditional and high technological methods of investigation.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Aviación , Autopsia/métodos , Humanos , SiberiaRESUMEN
Based on expert evaluation of remains of 7 members of Imperial Romanov family and 4 persons in their attendance, the author demonstrates methodological approaches to identification craniocephalic studies in cases with group burials.
Asunto(s)
Personajes , Antropología Forense/métodos , Adulto , Entierro , Cefalometría/métodos , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rusia (pre-1917)RESUMEN
The data of computer-aided tomography are proposed to be used in forensic medical diagnostic and identification studies. The technology of making hard copies of objects by laser stereolithography on the basis of tomography data is described.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Legal/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Rayos Láser , Medicina Legal/instrumentación , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Microcomputadores , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
Laser interferometry is proposed for accurate measurements of the external parameters and fixation of the relief of human skull surface. This method creates a detailed three-dimensional computer model of the object of investigation, which can be used in automated systems of personality identification based on investigation of the skull and life-time photos. Further development of the method opens new vistas in automation of the trassological and ballistic identification.
Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Simulación por Computador , Modelos Anatómicos , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Interferometría/métodos , Rayos Láser , Programas InformáticosAsunto(s)
Gráficos por Computador , Simulación por Computador , Cara/anatomía & histología , Antropología Forense/métodos , Modelos Anatómicos , Fotograbar/métodos , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Antropología Forense/estadística & datos numéricos , Cabeza/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Microcomputadores , Lenguajes de ProgramaciónRESUMEN
Discusses the problems related to the theoretical validation of selecting a method of investigation, its application with due consideration for the algorithm of osteological identification, and assessment of the results of this or that method from the viewpoint of the objectiveness and informative value of the method for osteological identification.