RESUMEN
We assessed the performance of IgG avidity in the diagnosis of acute, chronic and recent (reinfection) on top of chronic schistosomal infections in patients treated with praziquantel. Immunoglobulin levels were studied in 111 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and 28 partially cured patients (not responding to the first dose of praziquantel treatment and almost cured after a second one). Before treatment all patients with schistosomiasis had elevated IgG levels, 75% of them also had increased IgM levels. Avidity index was high among all age groups. The increased IgM/IgG ratio and avidity index among children with schistosomiasis before treatment support the idea of reinfection. Treatment had no significant effect on the studied parameters. We conclude that unlike IgM and IgG antibody levels, IgG avidity test cannot be used to distinguish between recent and chronic infections.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Animales , Afinidad de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Afinidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Monitoreo de Drogas , Egipto/epidemiología , Enfermedades Endémicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Praziquantel/uso terapéutico , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We assessed the performance of IgG avidity in the diagnosis of acute, chronic and recent [reinfection] on top of chronic schistosomal infections in patients treated with praziquantel. Immunoglobulin levels were studied in 111 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and 28 partially cured patients [not responding to the first dose of praziquantel treatment and almost cured after a second one]. Before treatment all patients with schistosomiasis had elevated IgG levels, 75% of them also had increased IgM levels. Avidity index was high among all age groups. The increased IgM/IgG ratio and avidity index among children with schistosomiasis before treatment support the idea of reinfection. Treatment had no significant effect on the studied parameters. We conclude that unlike IgM and IgG antibody levels, IgG avidity test cannot be used to distinguish between recent and chronic infections
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios , Afinidad de Anticuerpos , Enfermedad Crónica , Monitoreo de Drogas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina M , Schistosoma mansoni , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Esquistosomiasis mansoniRESUMEN
The detection of IgG avidity in sera is potentially useful in the diagnosis of acute and chronic infection. We studied IgG avidity in 31 patients with fascioliasis, with the aim of evaluating the clinical application of this test to confirm the diagnosis of incubating cases and to distinguish between acute and chronic cases. Of the 31 cases, 13 were incubating and had a mean avidity index of 57.28 +/- 5.79%. The 18 chronic cases had an avidity index of 68.80 +/- 8.92%. The difference was highly significant. We conclude that IgG avidity is a reliable means of identifying the stage of fascioliasis and suggest a cut-off point of 59.90% to distinguish between acute and chronic infection.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos , Afinidad de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Fasciola/inmunología , Fascioliasis/diagnóstico , Inmunoglobulina G , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Fascioliasis/clasificación , Fascioliasis/inmunología , Fascioliasis/parasitología , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación/normas , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Tamizaje Masivo/normas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
An epidemiological study of fascioliasis and/or schistosomiasis was conducted in Abis 1 village. Stool specimens were collected from 2492 individuals and examined. Fascioliasis, alone or combined with schistosomiasis, was more prevalent among children aged between 5 years and 15 years than in adults. Serum procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) levels were determined as an indicator of active fibrosis, and liver histopathology and ultrasonography used as indicators of established fibrosis. PIIIP levels were significantly higher in children than in adults, and in mixed infections than in fascioliasis alone. In adults, fibrosis around granulomata detected by histopathology and grade 3 periportal fibrosis detected by sonography were encountered more frequently in dual than in single infections.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Endémicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Fascioliasis/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/epidemiología , Cirrosis Hepática/parasitología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/complicaciones , Salud Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biopsia , Niño , Comorbilidad , Egipto/epidemiología , Heces/parasitología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Procolágeno/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
We aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of heterophyiasis among inhabitants of El-Meaddeya, Egypt. A cross-sectional stool examination survey was performed on 430 randomly chosen households, comprising 2219 individuals. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 84.7%. Ascariosis was the most common (67.6%), followed by trichuriosis (49.7%) and heterophyiasis (33.8%). The prevalence and intensity of infection of heterophyiasis were most common in people 15-45 years, and greater in females than males. The highest intensity of infection was detected among fishermen. Intrafamilial aggregation of cases of heterophyiasis was identified.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Endémicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Heterophyidae , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Peces/parasitología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Infecciones por Trematodos/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Agua/parasitologíaRESUMEN
We aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of heterophyiasis among inhabitants of El-Meaddeya, Egypt. A cross-sectional stool examination survey was performed on 430 randomly chosen households, comprising 2219 individuals. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 84.7%. Ascariosis was the most common [67.6%], followed by trichuriosis [49.7%] and heterophyiasis [33.8%]. The prevalence and intensity of infection of heterophyiasis were most common in people 15-45 years, and greater in females than males. The highest intensity of infection was detected among fishermen. Intrafamilial aggregation of cases of heterophyiasis was identified
Asunto(s)
Heterophyidae , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Enfermedades Parasitarias , Prevalencia , Infecciones por TrematodosRESUMEN
The detection of IgG avidity in sera is potentially useful in the diagnosis of acute and chronic infection. We studied IgG avidity in 31 patients with fascioliasis, with the aim of evaluating the clinical application of this test to confirm the diagnosis of incubating cases and to distinguish between acute and chronic cases. Of the 31 cases, 13 were incubating and had a mean avidity index of 57.28 +/- 5.79%. The 18 chronic cases had an avidity index of 68.80 +/- 8.92%. The difference was highly significant. We conclude that IgG avidity is a reliable means of identifying the stage of fascioliasis and suggest a cut-off point of 59.90% to distinguish between acute and chronic infection
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Aguda , Enfermedad Crónica , Inmunoglobulina G , Afinidad de Anticuerpos , FascioliasisRESUMEN
An epidemiological study of fascioliasis and/or schistosomiasis was conducted in Abis 1 village. Stool specimens were collected from 2492 individuals and examined. Fascioliasis, alone or combined with schistosomiasis, was more prevalent among children aged between 5 years and 15 years than in adults. Serum procollagen III peptide [PIIIP] levels were determined as an indicator of active fibrosis, and liver histopathology and ultrasonography used as indicators of established fibrosis. PIIIP levels were significantly higher in children than in adults, and in mixed infections than in fascioliasis alone. In adults, fibrosis around granulomata detected by histopathology and grade 3 periportal fibrosis detected by sonography were encountered more frequently in dual than in single infections
Asunto(s)
Esquistosomiasis , Cirrosis Hepática , Procolágeno , Hígado , Prevalencia , FascioliasisRESUMEN
We performed a series of ELISAs to evaluate the diagnostic significance of two Schistosoma mansoni proteins, Sm31 (cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B) and Sm32 (asparaginyl endopeptidase). Our study populations were chosen from two villages in an endemic area close to Alexandria. Using fusion proteins MS2-Sm31 and MS2-Sm32 as antigens, 70% and 78.9%, respectively, of patient sera from 134 parasitologically confirmed cases reacted positively. The percentage of seropositivity increased to 84.5% when parasite-derived proteins Sm31 and Sm32 were used. The serum levels of antibodies to these two proteins in recombinant or native forms do not correlate with intensity of infection and hence are detected even when egg counts are low, which makes proteins Sm31 and Sm32 useful antigens in the identification of S. mansoni infected cases, particularly in endemic areas in Egypt.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/sangre , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/inmunología , Enfermedades Endémicas , Proteínas del Helminto/inmunología , Proteínas de Plantas , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/diagnóstico , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Egipto/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The present work aimed at studying the effect of Ambrosia maritima (Damsissa) on the viability of Lymnaea snails. Lymnaea snails used in these trials were acclimatized to laboratory conditions before use in the toxicity test. The snails were exposed to various concentrations (100-3000 mg/l) of dry powdered Damsissa, Ambrosia maritima was lethal to Lymnaea snails at concentration of 3000 mg/L after one day and at 100 mg/l after 14 days.
Asunto(s)
Lymnaea , Moluscocidas , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Azulenos , Moluscocidas/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos , Sesquiterpenos de GuayanoRESUMEN
Liver biopsies from 5 patients with established fascioliasis, before and after bithionol treatment were studied by immunoalkaline phosphatase technique for relative distribution of T cells and their subpopulations. T cell and its subsets are defined for OKT3+ (pan T), OKT4+ (helper/inducer) and OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells by using mouse monoclonal antibodies. Before bithionol treatment, lymphocytic infiltration in all hepatic lesions were predominantly of OKT3+ (pan T) lymphocytes. The distribution of OKT8+ cells was moderate to severe in comparison to the few OKT4+ cells presentation. After bithionol a noticeable regression of the OKT3 lymphocytic in all liver sections. The majority of the lymphocytic infiltration was of the OKT8+ cells, in comparison to the absence of the OKT4+ ones. This may indicate that suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes may have a role in the immune regulation of the disease and the mode of action of bithionol is by the accentuation of this immunoregulatory effect.
Asunto(s)
Bitionol/uso terapéutico , Fascioliasis/patología , Hígado/patología , Linfocitos T , Fascioliasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , InmunohistoquímicaRESUMEN
The pathology of human fascioliasis was studied before and after bithionol treatment using light and transmission electron microscopy. Fine needle biopsies were taken from five patients, with established fascioliasis, before and after drug administration. By light microscope the pathology of human fascioliasis was similar to that reported in experimental fascioliasis. The ultrastructural picture revealed bile ductular hyperplasia, fibrosis of portal tracts, widening of the interhepatic spaces by many microvilli and dilated Disse space with collagen fibres. Bile ductular hyperplasia may be the initial factor to fibrinogenesis, which subsequently enhance the development of the microvilli on the surface of the hepatocytes. Both light and electron microscopic studies revealed regression of the picture of fascioliasis to normal after bithionol treatment with no sign of toxicity on the liver.
Asunto(s)
Bitionol/uso terapéutico , Fascioliasis/patología , Hígado/ultraestructura , Biopsia con Aguja , Fascioliasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Microscopía ElectrónicaRESUMEN
Fascioliasis is becoming more frequently discovered among citizens of Alexandria. The main presenting clinical manifestations including hepatic pain, colics, fever, anorexia, discomfort with meals and hepatomegaly. We select here 4 cases with unusual presentation from patient's record of the last year: one case developed liver abscess due to F. hepatica infection. Two cases were encountered during cholecystectomy in patients suffering from cholecystitis with cholelithiasis; in one of them the gall bladder had ruptured and the patient developed an abscess in the liver related to the gall bladder bed. In both cases F. hepatica worms were found in the bile duct. The fourth case presented with acalcular cholecystitis with empyema of the gall bladder.
Asunto(s)
Colecistitis/etiología , Colelitiasis/etiología , Fascioliasis/complicaciones , Absceso Hepático/etiología , Adulto , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The present experimental work studied the ultrastructural changes occurring in the intestines of mice infected with S. mansoni and treated with praziquantel. Mild degenerative changes of the intestinal cells together with degranulation of the APUD cells were observed. The enterochromaffin cells in the intestines secrete serotonin which is a vaso constrictor and a strong stimulator of the smooth muscles. A possible explanation of the side effects of praziquantel is thus offered.