RESUMEN
The ability of melatonin to reduce growth inadequacy induced by parental and nutritional combination administration to chlorpyriphos (Ch) and cypermethrin (Cy) was examined in male albino rats. Oral alimentation was given to gravid dams divided into six groups (n = 10; age: 12 weeks) from the first day of pregnancy to the 21st postnatal day. Distilled water (DW), Soya oil (SYO), and melatonin (MeL) groups were exposed to 2 mL/kg, 2 mL/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively; the Ch+Cy group was co-exposed to Ch (1.9 mg/kg of LD50) and Cy (7.5 mg/kg of LD50); the MChCy group was preconditioned with MeL (0.5 mg/kg), followed by co-exposure to Ch and Cy; and the ChCyM group was exposed to Ch and Cy and post treated with MeL. Male offspring rats were tested for ontogeny criteria at various points after accouchement. MeL pre- and post-administration reduced the variation in litter size and weight, number of live/dead pups, anogenital distance , crown-rump length, the timing of eye and ear openings, and testicular descent caused by fetal and nutritional co-administration to Ch+Cy in offspring male albino rats. MeL demonstrated preventive promise as a result of its apparent antioxidative capability.
Asunto(s)
Melatonina , Piretrinas , Embarazo , Femenino , Ratas , Animales , Masculino , Melatonina/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Piretrinas/toxicidadRESUMEN
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that primarily affects cattle, but also other domestic and wild mammals. In Nigeria, abattoir monitoring of gross bTB lesions is the only control method being applied in all animals. This study aims to investigate tubercle bacilli infection in slaughtered cattle found with visible tuberculosis-like lesions. Lesions suggesting bTB were detected in 226 cattle during abattoir monitoring in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Tissue samples collected from the affected carcasses were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN). Of the 226 carcasses with lesions, 37 (16.4%) were positive by the Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN), and MTBC was detected from 34 (91.9%) of the 37 ZN-positive samples. Molecular typing by region of difference (RD) deletion analysis revealed the genotype of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection was most significantly associated with age of the animals (OR = 3.49; CI: 1.29-9.47 [p = 0.002]). The findings indicate a serious threat for health as well as for TB control in Nigeria.