RESUMEN

Empowerment plays significant roles in the complex management of type 2 diabetes. International guidelines have provided recommendations on management of Muslims who fast during Ramadan. However, there remains a lack of patient-centered epistemic tool to empower healthcare providers and patients in managing diabetes during Ramadan. This study discussed the development and evaluation of such tool. The collaborative algorithm was developed with reference to the nominal group technique by a board-certified clinical pharmacist and discussed with endocrinologists, nurses, and family physicians. The empowerment component of the algorithm was developed based on the Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The algorithm was evaluated through a randomized controlled trial. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and safety profiles in terms of hypoglycemic events were assessed. The collaborative algorithm was developed with four components: screening, education, dose modification by healthcare provider, and dose adjustment by patient. A total of 62 individuals were recruited, with 30 and 32 randomized into the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean age was 58.4 years, with majority being females (67.7%). There was a reduction in mean HbA1c from 7.9% ± 0.9% to 7.5% ± 0.8% (P < 0.001) in the intervention group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group (P = 0.270). FPG (P < 0.001) and PPG (P = 0.002) also improved significantly in the intervention group. There were no major hypoglycemic events and minor hypoglycemia comparable between both groups (P = 0.465). The collaborative algorithm incorporated empowerment and promoted shared decision-making in diabetes management, hence promoting safe and effective fasting.

Asunto(s)

Algoritmos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Islamismo , Poder Psicológico , Glucemia/análisis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Ayuno , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Hipoglucemia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

Objectives. This study aimed to examine the effect of Ramadan fasting on HbA1c in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of hypoglycemia and glycemic changes in relation to the adjustment of doses of antidiabetic agents, diet, and physical activity during Ramadan was also evaluated. Methods. This was a prospective study conducted in an outpatient endocrine clinic. A set of questionnaires was administered to Muslim patients with diabetes who fasted for ≥10 days. Those who were hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia a month prior to Ramadan or were given short-term corticosteroid therapy were excluded. The patients' responses and clinical outcomes from the clinic database were collected before, during, and after Ramadan. Results. A total of 153 participants completed the study. The mean HbA1c improved from 8.9% before Ramadan to 8.6% during Ramadan (P < 0.05). Although diet and physical activity did not contribute to changes in glycemia, a significant improvement in HbA1c was observed in patients who had adjustments made to their doses of antidiabetic agents during Ramadan (P < 0.001). In addition, their rate of hypoglycemia was minimal. Conclusions. Ramadan fasting appeared to improve glycemic control, especially in those whose doses of antidiabetic agents were adjusted during Ramadan.