RESUMEN
The prevalence of HCV infection in Egypt has decreased following the introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy. However, treatment response is influenced by various factors, particularly host immunogenetics such as IL-28B and FOXP3 polymorphisms. The current study examined the impact of SNPs in the FOXP3 gene promoter region on HCV-infected Egyptian patients, along with SNPs in the IL28B gene.This study involved 99 HCV patients who achieved SVR12 after a 12 week DAA treatment while 63 HCV patients experienced treatment failure. IL28B rs12979860 SNP was identified using real-time PCR, while IL28B rs8099917, FOXP3 rs3761548, and rs2232365 SNPs were analyzed using RFLP-PCR. Serum levels of IL28B and FOXP3 were quantified using ELISA technique in representative samples from both groups. The IL28B rs12979860 T > C (P = 0.013) and FOXP3 rs2232365 A > G polymorphisms (P = 0.008) were found to significantly increase the risk of non-response. Responders had higher IL28B serum levels (P = 0.046) and lower FOXP3 levels (P < 0.001) compared to non-responders. Regression analysis showed an association between IL28B rs12979860 and FOXP3 rs2232365 with treatment response, independent of age and gender. A predictive model was developed with 76.2% sensitivity and 91.9% specificity for estimating DAAs response in HCV patients.Our findings confirmed the IL28B rs12979860 T > C and FOXP3 rs2232365 A > G polymorphisms significantly affect DAA treatment response in HCV Egyptian patients. Lower levels of IL-28B along with higher levels of FOXP3 are linked to poor response. Our results may lead to new insights into DAA responsiveness contributing to personalized medicine and improving therapeutic decision-making for HCV patients.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead , Hepatitis C Crónica , Interferones , Interleucinas , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C Crónica/genética , Hepatitis C Crónica/virología , Masculino , Femenino , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucinas/sangre , Adulto , Egipto , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Inmunogenética , Interferón lambdaRESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases that represent the most prominent cause of dementia in elderly people. To explore the possible neuroprotective effect as well as mechanism of action of Vinpocetine either alone or in combination with EGCG, CoQ10, or VE & Se in ameliorating aluminum chloride-induced AD in rats. Rats were received AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) intraperitoneal daily dose for 30 days along with EGCG (10 mg/kg, I.P), CoQ10 (200 mg/kg, P.O), VE (100 mg/kg, P.O) & Se (1 mg/kg, P.O) as well as Vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, P.O) either alone or in combination. Results revealed that the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed the best neuroprotection. This protection in the brain was indicated by the significant decrease in Aß and ACHE. The same pattern of results were shown in the levels of monoamines and BDNF. In addition, the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß) and antioxidant (MDA, SOD, TAC) effects in comparison to other combinations. These results were confirmed using histopathological examinations as well as DNA fragmentation assays. Vinpocetine with EGCG showed pronounced protection on neurons against AD induced by AlCl3 in rats.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Selenio , Anciano , Aluminio , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/prevención & control , Animales , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Neuroprotección , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Alcaloides de la Vinca , Vitamina ERESUMEN
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the relationship between sleep and academic performance in students enrolled in secondary education programs in the United States. The study team conducted a literature search of 4 databases-PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC-on September 19 and repeated December 17, 2020. Studies were included if they were observational, published in a peer-reviewed, non-predatory journal, available in full-text, written in English, included adolescents enrolled in an organized academic program, took place in the US, and evaluated the effect of sleep duration and/or sleep quality on academic performance. After excluding reviews, editorials, interventions, and those targeting diagnostic groups, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies; 12 studies were found to be good or high quality, 2 were adequate/fair or poor quality. A meta-analysis of 11 of the included studies revealed that sleep duration (r = 0.03; 95%CI -0.027, 0.087; p = 0.087) and sleep quality (r = 0.089; 95%CI 0.027, 0.151; p = 0.005) had negligible correlations with academic performance (non-significant and significant, respectively). Inconsistencies in definitions, methods, and measures utilized to assess sleep duration, sleep quality, and academic performance constructs may offer insight into seemingly conflicting findings. Given the pivotal role sleep plays in development, future investigations utilizing validated and objective sleep and academic performance measures are needed in adolescents.
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Rendimiento Académico , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Sueño , EstudiantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess evidence of a relationship between health literacy and medication engagement (formerly referred to as medication adherence) among adults with diabetes mellitus in the United States. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus from the inception of each database to April 2020. Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: (1) conducted in the United States, (2) the population of interest was adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, (3) medication engagement was an outcome variable, (4) a direct and not a mediating relationship between health literacy and medication engagement was assessed, (5) a quantifiable measure of association was reported, and (6) a full-text journal article or dissertation was available. Quality of published evidence was graded according to Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists appropriate for the respective study designs identified. RESULTS: Thirteen articles from 11 unique studies were retained in the review, most of which used a cross-sectional design. Four out of 11 studies found a direct positive association between health literacy and medication engagement. Two of the 4 studies with positive findings had significant methodological shortcomings. CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that health literacy is associated with medication engagement among adults with diabetes in the United States. Properly designed and executed longitudinal studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between health literacy and medication engagement among adults with diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/psicología , Alfabetización en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used to treat several types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, there is increasing concern over its organs toxicities particularly liver toxicity. Liraglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 agonist, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features. This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of liraglutide pre-treatment in ameliorating MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. Rats received 1.2â¯mg/kg liraglutide intraperitoneal twice daily for 7 days before MTX. Results revealed that liraglutide significantly decreased activities of liver enzymes and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Furthermore, NF-kB expression and related inflammatory markers (TNF-α, COX-2 and IL-6) were reduced in the pre-treatment group of liraglutide. These data validate the advantageous effects of liraglutide in MTX hepatotoxic animals. In addition, liraglutide increased the expression of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), along with the transcription of downstream phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) which increases the activity of Nrf-2. Additionally, caspase-3 expression/activity and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio were decreased following liraglutide pre-treatment. In conclusion, it was confirmed that liraglutide enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver cells by activating the Nrf-2 and pCREB signaling, thereby, reducing liver cell inflammation and apoptosis induced by MTX.