RESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of dietary organic mineral mixture (manganese, zinc, and copper) supplementation on reproductive performance, egg quality characteristics, and immune response in laying hens under high ambient temperature. Hens were randomly divided into three treatments: (1) control (basal diet without organic mineral mixture (Mn, Zn, and Cu) supplementation); (2) basal diet + 0.5 g/kg of organic mineral mixture; and (3) basal diet + 1 g/kg of organic mineral mixture from 30 to 38 weeks of age. Hen-day egg production and egg mass were significantly increased by dietary supplementation of 1 g/kg of organic mineral mixture, while feed intake was not affected; therefore, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved (P < 0.01). Egg weight, albumen width, shell weight, and shell thickness were significantly increased by the dietary treatments. Serum total cholesterol and glucose were significantly decreased by organic mineral mixture supplementation. Interestingly, yolk contents of total cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased. Yolk contents of Zn and Cu were significantly increased, while Mn was numerically increased (P > 0.05). Dietary organic mineral mixture supplementation improved the antibody titers against avian influenza H9N1 significantly (P < 0.05) and Newcastle disease virus numerically (P > 0.05) in comparison with the control diet. It might be concluded that the inclusion of organic mineral mixture (Mn, Zn, and Cu) enhanced reproductive performance, shell quality characteristics, plasma profile, yolk mineral concentration, yolk lipid oxidation, and immune response in laying hens under high ambient temperature.
Asunto(s)
Lípidos/química , Minerales/farmacología , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Temperatura , Animales , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Lípidos/inmunología , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Folículo Ovárico/inmunología , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and an environmental pollutant, particularly because of its anthropogenic activity. The main impacts of Pb is recognized to cause injurious influences of various levels of the tropic chain, due to bio-accumulated lead causes many health issues such as intoxication of different body organs, such as kidneys and liver, and reproductive and nervous systems. Industrial lead toxicity has reduced as a result of the attempts to decrease the lead levels in the surrounding work environment. Conversably, health risks related with long-term environmental exposure to a low dose of Pb have been steadily demonstrated. Long-term exposure to lead toxicity caused inflammatory infiltration, degenerative changes in testicular tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, necrosis of hepatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and renal epithelium hypertrophy. Hence, we need an influential approach to vanquish lead toxicity. This consequence has emerged the necessity for potentially safe represent remedy, favorably keeping both enhancement and chelating of the antioxidant competences. Many antioxidants have been used for chelating heavy toxic pollutants such as lead and oxidative stress released in excess during lead exposure. Several studies have stated the noticeable gathering of herbal singly or in combination in modulating lead-induced disturbances, therefore proposing great promise in enhancing health status and welfare of man as well as animals. For this, in the current review, we tried to discuss the enormous harmful influences of lead toxicity on the animal model and the disturbing truth that this detrimental toxic substance can be found quite simply in the surroundings and amplitude.