Asunto(s)
Biología/métodos , Clasificación/métodos , Filogenia , Terminología como Asunto , Apoyo FinancieroAsunto(s)
Personajes , Paternidad , ADN , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Masculino , Estados Unidos , Cromosoma YRESUMEN
Postoperative wound infections following spinal fusion with instrumentation often present diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. This article reviews 34 such infections. An infection rate of 3.7% was noted. Depending on various clinical indicators, treatment strategies included short-course antibiotics, prolonged intravenous antibiotics, or intravenous antibiotics followed by suppressive antibiotics and eventual hardware removal. To eradicate these infections, removal of instrumentation is often required; this option, however, may result in an unstable spine. Treatment algorithms were developed for treatment of postoperative spinal surgical site infections and to minimize the possibility of spine instability. All patients were cured of their infections.
Asunto(s)
Dispositivos de Fijación Ortopédica , Fusión Vertebral , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reoperación , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Twenty cases of vertebral osteomyelitis from three community hospitals were reviewed. Routine spine radiographs were frequently normal in the setting of active vertebral osteomyelitis. Computed tomographic scanning of the spine frequently detected changes in the vertebral end plates that were diagnostic of vertebral osteomyelitis at a time when routine spine radiographs were unrevealing.
Asunto(s)
Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteomielitis/etiología , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/etiologíaRESUMEN
The effect of aspirin (ASP), chlorpromazine (CPZ), diphenoxylate (DP), ethylene glycol tetraacetate (EGTA), hydrocortisone (HC), loperamide (LPA), methylprednisolone (MP), phenotolamine mesylate (PTM), propranolol (PR), and trifluoperazine (TPZ) on the secretory activity induced by Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin in infant mice was studied. LPA and DP, which are used therapeutically for diarrhea, did not inhibit the effect of ST enterotoxin; MP and HC, known inhibitors of cholera enterotoxin, and two adrenergic agents (PR and PTM) had no effect on ST-induced secretory activity. TPZ, EGTA, ASP, and CPZ caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the secretory activity induced by ST enterotoxin, CPZ, EGTA, and TPZ inhibited secretory activity induced by 8-bromoguanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (8-BrcGMP), a cGMP analog.
Asunto(s)
Enterotoxinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli/análisis , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Animales , Aspirina/farmacología , Clorpromazina/farmacología , Difenoxilato/farmacología , Ácido Egtácico/farmacología , Hidrocortisona/farmacología , Loperamida/farmacología , Metilprednisolona/farmacología , Ratones , Fentolamina/farmacología , Propranolol/farmacología , Trifluoperazina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This article suggests that calcium acts as an intermediate for intestinal fluid secretion mediated by adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (cAMP) and guanosine -3':5-'cyclic monophosphoric acid (cGMP). It is hypothesized that microbial enterotoxins disrupt the normal interrelationships between calcium and cyclic nucleotides, thereby leading to adverse biological effects. It is further proposed that the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on calmodulin accounts for the ability of this drug to inhibit enterotoxins which separately elevate cAMP or cGMP concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/fisiología , GMP Cíclico/fisiología , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Adenilil Ciclasas/metabolismo , Animales , Toxina del Cólera/farmacología , Guanilato Ciclasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMEN
The effect of chlorpromazine on the net intestinal accumulation of fluid induced by Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin in an infant mouse model was examined. Chlorpromazine, when administered with ST enterotoxin, caused a highly significant decrease in net intestinal fluid accumulation. The inhibition of ST activity was dose dependent with various concentrations of chlorpromazine (P less than 0.001). A significant inhibition of toxic activity was also observed when chlorpromazine was administered before (P less than 0.02) or after (P less than 0.05) ST enterotoxin challenge. No significant differences in fluid accumulation were observed between control mice treated with buffer alone and those treated with only chlorpromazine. These data indicate that chlorpromazine markedly decreases the net intestinal fluid accumulation induced by E. coli ST enterotoxin. Further studies on the potential use of chlorpromazine in both the prophylaxis and the treatment of diarrheal diseases appear warranted.