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La capacitación del recurso humano en salud y la conformación de equipos interdisciplinarios son elementos claves en la renovación de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). En los objetivos de los programas de las residencias deberían estar presentes y planificados estos lineamientos. El Hospital Garrahan es una institución pública de referencia para la atención de patologías de alta complejidad cuyos objetivos asistenciales se vinculan fuertemente con objetivos de capacitación y formación de recursos humanos. Desde el año 2006, el programa de la residencia incorporó algunas modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, entre ellas el fortalecimiento de las actividades de APS. Esta integración curricular se ha cumplido a través de las siguientes estrategias: 1) Rotaciones en Centros de Salud y Acción Comunitaria de la CABA (1° y 4°año); 2) Rotaciones de Atención Comunitaria en Centros de Atención Primaria del Interior del país o, 3) en instituciones de la CABA y en el propio Hospital (3° y 4°año); 4) la asistencia cada 15 días al Consultorio de Seguimiento de Residentes (2° y 3° año). La experiencia del desarrollo del módulo de APS en la residencia de pediatría del Hospital Garrahan ha sido enriquecedora permitiendo integrar y alinear las actividades dentro y fuera del hospital. La convicción de su importancia y la aceptación por todos los actores involucrados probablemente serán los elementos claves para asegurar su continuidad y crecimiento, afianzando la visión del pediatra que estamos dispuestos a formar.

The training of human resources in health care and the setting-up of interdisciplinary teams are key elements in the renovation of primary health care (PHC). The aims of residency programs should be developed along these lines. The Garrahan Hospital is a public referral hospital providing complex care in which the care aims are closely related to the training of human resources. Since 2006, several quantitative and qualitative changes, such as the strengthening of PHC, have been made in the residency program. Integration of PHC in the residency program was achieved using different strategies: 1) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in the City of Buenos Aires (1st and 4th year); 2) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in different prov-inces, or 3) in centers in the City of Buenos Aires and in the hospital itself (3rd and 4th year); 4) Each 15 days, services in outpatient follow-up offices for residents (2nd and 3rd year). The experience of developing a PHC module in the pediatric residency program of the Garrahan Hospital has been enrich-ing and has allowed to integrate and align activities both inside and out of the hospital. The conviction that the program is important and its acceptance by all of those involved are key elements to ensure its continuity and growth consolidating the view of the kind of pediatrician we aim to train.

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Endothelial injury is an important prognostic factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Decreased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ARDS may favour vascular lesions, since VEGF promotes endothelial survival by inhibiting apoptosis. This study sought to document low VEGF levels in lung tissue from ARDS patients, to determine whether the cause was injury to alveolar type II cells (the main pulmonary source of VEGF) and to evaluate the vascular consequences. Lung specimens were obtained by open biopsy or autopsy from 29 patients with severe ARDS (two survivors) and five controls. As compared with controls, homogenates of lung tissue from ARDS patients contained less VEGF (median (interquartile range) ARDS 8.2 (4.7-12.2) versus controls 28.4 (9.9-47.1) ng x g(-1) protein). Increased immunostaining with surfactant protein B was seen in ARDS lungs. Extensive cellular apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling staining), including endothelial and alveolar type II cells, was demonstrated, and vascular bed density (CD31 immunostaining) decreased in ARDS lungs as compared with controls. VEGF levels were negatively correlated to apoptotic endothelial cell counts. In conclusion, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in lung tissue may participate in the decrease in lung perfusion in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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OBJECTIVE: We assessed the neuromuscular characteristics of 0.2 mg.kg-1 of mivacurium while its injection was concomitant to a non invasive blood pressure measurement in the ipsilateral arm. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients ASA I-II were randomized into two groups. Group cuff (n = 15) and Group control (n = 16). METHODS: General anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl, thiopentone and mivacurium in all patients, however in the cuff group, measurement of non invasive blood pressure was performed immediately after the injection of mivacurium. Comparison was made on neuromuscular blockade of the adductor pollicis (AP) by mechanomyography, and intubating conditions which were guided by the visual estimation of the orbicularis oculi's (OO) response. RESULTS: In the cuff group, six out of 15 patients did not have complete blockade at the OO against one out of 16 in the control group, (Fisher exact test p < 0.05). Intubation time was significantly delayed in the cuff group, 201 +/- 66 s versus 123 +/- 32 s in the control group, (t test p < 0.001). The maximum neuromuscular blocking effect at the AP was significantly greater in the control group 99 +/- 2% against 89 +/- 7% in the cuff group, (t test p < 0.01). The onset of maximum blockade at the AP was longer in the cuff group 294 +/- 40 s versus 179 +/- 92 s, (t test p < 0.001] in the control group. Time to 25% recovery was shorter in the cuff group 16 +/- 3 min versus 20 +/- 5 min, in the control group (t test p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that non invasive blood pressure measurement of the ipsilateral arm, concomitant to the injection of mivacurium decreases the potency of mivacurium. This finding is mostly explained by the early hydrolysis of mivacurium in the plasma of the excluded arm.

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