RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the umbilical cord blood chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) concentrations in pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and aimed to investigate the rela-tionship between the CSPG4 levels in these pregnancies and adverse neonatal outcomes. METHODS: This prospective case-control study was conducted between August 2023 and January 2024. The study included 80 singleton pregnancies at 35 to 39 weeks of gestation. Among these, 40 were diagnosed with FGR and 40 served as the control group. After the delivery, samples of the cord blood were collected prior to the placental delivery. RESULTS: The CSPG4 levels were significantly higher in the study group (FGR), 1,153 (1,059 - 1,261) pg/mL, than in the control group, 1,107 (873 - 1,197) pg/mL (p = 0.024). When all patients were evaluated, the CSPG4 levels showed a positive correlation with the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio of the umbilical arteries (r = 0.276, p = 0.013). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the levels of CSPG4 in the umbilical cord blood and the Apgar scores at the 1st (r = -0.256, p = 0.022) and 5th (r = -0.250, p = 0.026) minutes. The discriminatory power of the umbilical cord CSPG4 level in the determination of composite adverse neonatal outcomes was evaluated by ROC analysis and a cutoff point of > 1,091.25 pg/mL, showing a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 46.2%, and an AUC of 0.661 (95% CI: 0.547 - 0.763, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of CSPG4 have been observed in the umbilical cord blood in pregnancies complicated by FGR; higher levels are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Sangre Fetal , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Humanos , Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Sangre Fetal/química , Femenino , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/sangre , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto , Recién Nacido , Proteoglicanos Tipo Condroitín Sulfato/sangre , Proteínas de la MembranaRESUMEN
Chitosan films containing aqueous extracts of sage and rosemary were prepared as a potential food coating material with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The effect of adding extracts at different concentrations on the mechanical, physical, and optical properties of the films was investigated. The addition of the extracts significantly increased Young's modulus values of the films compared to the chitosan film, and a significant decrease was observed in the swelling percentage and water vapor permeability of the films. Since all the prepared films were ionically cross-linked, the increase in water solubility of the films with the addition of the extract was at a low level. The release of rosmarinic acid, which is found in significant amounts in both plants, from the films was monitored by the capillary electrophoresis. The antioxidant properties imparted to the films by the addition of plant extracts were determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. The addition of plant extracts increased the antimicrobial property of chitosan films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Films containing sage and rosemary extracts showed potential for use as food coating materials.