RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible effects of phototherapy on bone status of term infants evaluated by measurement of tibial bone speed of sound (SOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phototherapy group (n = 30) consisted of children who had undergone phototherapy for at least 24 h and the control group (n = 30) comprised children who had not received phototherapy. Blood samples were obtained from all infants for serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D concentrations. The left tibial quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements were performed using a commercial device. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between phototherapy-exposed and nonexposed infants in terms of Ca, P, ALP, PTH and vitamin D levels. Comparison of bone SOS between the phototherapy-exposed and control group revealed no statistically difference. Also, no significant difference in Z-score for SOS was observed between those with or without exposure. CONCLUSION: The data of our study indicate that phototherapy treatment has no impact on bone status in the hyperbilirubinemic infants. Although there is no statistically significant evidence of an excess risk of bone damage following phototherapy, studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration of follow-up are needed to gain a better understanding of its effects.
Asunto(s)
Hiperbilirrubinemia/terapia , Fototerapia/efectos adversos , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Desarrollo Óseo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We investigated the gating effect of passive and active movement on the vibrotactile detection thresholds of the Pacinian (P) psychophysical channel and forward masking. Previous work on gating mostly used electrocutaneous stimulation and did not allow focusing on tactile submodalities. Ten healthy adults participated in our study. Passive movement was achieved by swinging a platform, on which the participant's stimulated hand was attached, manually by a trained operator. The root-mean-square value of the movement speed was kept in a narrow range (slow: 10-20 cm/s, fast: 50-60â cm/s). Active movement was performed by the participant him-/herself using the same apparatus. The tactile stimuli consisted of 250-Hz sinusoidal mechanical vibrations, which were generated by a shaker mounted on the movement platform and applied to the middle fingertip. In the forward-masking experiments, a high-level masking stimulus preceded the test stimulus. Each movement condition was tested separately in a two-interval forced-choice detection task. Both passive and active movement caused a robust gating effect, that is, elevation of thresholds, in the fast speed range. Statistically significant change of thresholds was not found in slow movement conditions. Passive movement yielded higher thresholds than those measured during active movement, but this could not be confirmed statistically. On the other hand, the effect of forward masking was approximately constant as the movement condition varied. These results imply that gating depends on both peripheral and central factors in the P channel. Active movement may have some facilitatory role and produce less gating. Additionally, the results support the hypothesis regarding a critical speed for gating, which may be relevant for daily situations involving vibrations transmitted through grasped objects and for manual exploration.
Asunto(s)
Mecanorreceptores/fisiología , Movimiento/fisiología , Enmascaramiento Perceptual/fisiología , Umbral Sensorial/fisiología , Detección de Señal Psicológica/fisiología , Estimulación Acústica , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Conducta de Elección , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulación Física , Psicofísica , Tacto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the tick species infested to the cattle and small ruminants in Kütahya Province and their seasonal activity and prevalence. METHODS: Examination was performed in terms of infestation in 2402 farm animals and their shelters in 10 villages between October 2010 and October 2011. RESULTS: The infestation rate of animals was detected as 9.55%. A total of 657 adult ticks were collected. A total of 11 tick species consisting of Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma marginatum, Haemaphysalis parva, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Haemaphysalis punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus turanicus were determined. Seasonal fluctuations of tick species were also determined. Ixodes ricinus and R. (Boophilus) annulatus species were encountered mostly during fall and winter months. Dermacentor marginatus was usually found in winter time. Hyalomma marginatum, was found between April and July. Haemaphysalis parva was found in October, November and March. Haemaphysalis sulcata was found in November and March. Haemaphysalis punctata was found only in March and November. Rhipicephalus species were generally found in late spring and summer. CONCLUSION: Finally, these results will be helpful for the determination of control methods of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases in the region.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos/parasitología , Vectores Arácnidos/fisiología , Ixodidae/fisiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Prevalencia , Estaciones del Año , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/prevención & control , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/transmisión , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/prevención & control , Garrapatas , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and epilepsy are reported to mediate the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress through Ca(2+) influx. Results of recent reports indicated that EMR can increase temperature and oxidative stress of body cells, and TRPV1 channel is activated by noxious heat, oxidative stress, and capsaicin (CAP). We investigated the effects of mobile phone (900 MHz) EMR exposure on Ca(2+) influx, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and TRPV1 channel activations in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic rats. Freshly isolated hippocampal neurons of twenty-one rats were used in study within three groups namely control, PTZ, and PTZ + EMR. The neurons in the three groups were stimulated by CAP. Epilepsy was induced by PTZ administration. The neurons in PTZ + EMR group were exposed to the 900 MHz EMR for 1 h. The apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase-3 and caspase-9 values were higher in PTZ and PTZ + EMR groups than in control. However, EMR did not add additional increase effects on the values in the hippocampal neurons. Intracellular-free Ca(2+) concentrations in fura-2 analyses were also higher in PTZ + CAP group than in control although their concentrations were decreased by TRPV1 channel blocker, capsazepine. However, there were no statistical changes on the Ca(2+) concentrations between epilepsy and EMR groups. In conclusion, apoptosis, mitochondrial, ROS, and Ca(2+) influx via TRPV1 channel were increased in the hippocampal neurons by epilepsy induction although the mobile phone did not change the values. The results indicated that TRPV1 channels in hippocampus may possibly be a novel target for effective target of epilepsy.