RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Myocardial dysfunction is an important cause of morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Decline in CD4 T-cell level and reversal of CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with cardiovascular events. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) can show myocardial dysfunction and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of fQRS in HIV-infected patients and the factors affecting it. METHODS: This case-control study included 153 outpatient HIV patients (97% male) and 141 healthy subjects (96% male). Patients with cardiac disease history, arrhythmia, diabetes, cancer disease, and thyroid dysfunction were excluded from the study. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and biochemistry tests were performed to all participants. CD4 and CD8 T cell count, and HIV RNA level were measured in HIV-infected patients. RESULTS: Both groups had similar basal characteristics. Mean CD4 T-cell level was 356 cell/cm3, HIV was under control in 48%, and the rate of antiretroviral treatment use was 64%. HIV-infected patients had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), higher Tei index, and more fQRS. HIV-infected patients with fQRS had lower nadir CD4 T-cell levels, lower CD4/CD8 ratio, and higher Tie index. In multivariate analysis, CD4/CD8 ratio and LVEF were found to be independent predictors of fQRS in HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: Myocardial dysfunction can be seen in HIV-infected patients. Caution should be exercised in terms of myocardial dysfunction in HIV-infected patients with low CD4/CD8 ratio.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) plays an important part in all-cause mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The T-peak to T-end (Tp-e) interval, corrected Tp-e (Tp-ec) interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio on the ECG are parameters used to stratify risk for SCD. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences between HIV-infected patients and healthy individuals in terms of Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio, as well as other influencing factors. METHODS: Ninety-eight HIV-infected patients and 62 healthy controls were included in this prospective case-control study. Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured in all participants. Echocardiographic examination and routine laboratory analysis were performed. In addition, CD4 T-cell count and HIV RNA levels were assessed in HIV-infected patients. RESULTS: All baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. The median survival of those living with HIV was 20.63 months; 53% of them had controlled viral load, and 74% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Mean baseline CD4 T-cell count was 409. In HIV-infected patients, the Tp-e interval and Tp-ec interval were prolonged, and the Tp-e/QT ratio was higher (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). In bivariate and partial correlation analyses, there was a negative correlation between CD4 T-cell level and Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio. CONCLUSION: Tp-e interval, Tp-ec interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio were greater in HIV-infected patients compared with healthy individuals. HIV-infected patients, particularly those with low baseline CD4 T-cell counts, should be closely monitored due to risk of SCD.