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Abstract Exposure to methanol can cause serious consequences such as permanent visual disturbances and death. The heart tissue is highly vulnerable to ATP deficiency. Our study aimed to investigate whether exogenous ATP administration may alleviate methanol-induced ATP deficiency and subsequent oxidative damage in rat heart tissue. A total of 30 rats were divided into equal five groups; Healthy Group (HG), Methotrexate (MXG), Methanol (MeOH), Methotrexate+Methanol (MXM), and Methotrexate+Methanol+ATP (MMA) groups. We inhibited tetrahydrofolate synthesis by methotrexate to induce methanol toxicity. Methotrexate was administered to MXG, MXM, and MMA group animals for seven days with a catheter directly to the stomach at a 0,3 mg/kg dose per day. At the end of this period, % 20 methanol at a dose of 3 g/kg was administered to MeOH, MMA and MXM group animals. Immediately after methanol application, MMA group animals were injected with ATP at a 4 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally. Blood samples and heart tissues were used for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination. Co-exposure to methanol and methotrexate substantially exacerbated cardiac damage, indicating the potent cardiotoxic effects of methanol. However, the administration of exogenous ATP to MMA group animals brought biochemical oxidative damage parameters and histopathological findings closer to HG.

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ABSTRACT Objective Acrylamide is a toxic compound widely used in industrial sectors. Acrylamide causes reactive oxygen species formation and the subsequent lipid peroxidation reaction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative damage. Taxifolin is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties that inhibit reactive oxygen species formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative heart damage. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: Acrylamide, Acrylamide+Taxifolin , and Healthy group. Water and food intake and body weight alterations were recorded daily. Malondialdehyde, total glutathione, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed from the heart tissue. Troponin-I levels, the parameter known as a cardiac biomarker, were analyzed from the blood sample. The cardiac histopathologic examination was also performed. Results In the Acrylamide group animals, the malondialdehyde, nuclear factor kappa-B, total oxidant status, and troponin-I levels were significantly higher compared to the ones of Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. The levels of total glutathione and total antioxidant status were significantly lower compared to Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups'. Additionally, in the Acrylamide group, body weight gain, food and water intake, significantly declined compared to the Acrylamide+Taxifolin and Healthy groups. However, in the Acrylamide+Taxifolin group, taxifolin supplementation brought these values close to Healthy group ones. Furthermore, taxifolin treatment ameliorated structural myocardial damage signs induced by acrylamide. Conclusion Acrylamide exposure significantly induced oxidative damage to rat heart tissue. Taxifolin was able to improve the toxic consequences of acrylamide biochemically and histopathologically, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.

RESUMO Objetivo A acrilamida é um composto tóxico amplamente utilizado em setores industriais. Ela causa a formação de reativas de oxigênio e subsequente reação de peroxidação lipídica, que desempenham um papel importante na patogênese do dano oxidativo. A taxifolina é um flavonóide com propriedades antioxidantes que inibe a formação de reativas de oxigênio. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi investigar o efeito preventivo da taxifolina no dano cardíaco oxidativo induzido por acrilamida. Métodos Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos: Acrilamida, Acrilamida+Taxifolina e grupo Saudável. Ingestão de água e comida e alterações de peso corporal dos animais foram registradas diariamente. Malondialdeído, glutationa total, fator nuclear kappa-B, estado oxidante total e estado antioxidante total foram analisados no tecido cardíaco dos ratos. Os níveis de troponina-I, - parâmetro conhecido como biomarcador cardíaco, foram analisados a partir de amostra de sangue. Um exame histopatológico cardíaco também foi realizado. Resultados Nos animais do grupo Acrilamida, os níveis de malondialdeído, fator nuclear kappa-B, estado oxidante total e troponina-I foram significativamente maiores em comparação com os do grupo Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. Os níveis de glutationa total e estado antioxidante total foram significativamente mais baixos em comparação com grupos Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. Além disso, no grupo Acrilamida, o ganho de peso corporal e a ingestão de alimentos e água diminuíram significativamente em comparação com os animais dos grupos Acrilamida+Taxifolina e Saudável. No entanto, no grupo Acrilamida+Taxifolina, a suplementação com taxifolina aproximou esses valores aos do grupo Saudável. Além disso, o tratamento com taxifolina melhorou os sinais de dano miocárdico estrutural induzidos pela acrilamida. Conclusão A exposição à acrilamida induziu significativamente o dano oxidativo do tecido cardíaco dos ratos. A taxifolina foi capaz de melhorar as consequências tóxicas da acrilamida bioquímica e histopatologicamente, possivelmente devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes.

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OBJECTIVE: Left atrium enlargement is common in hypertension due to left atrium inflammation. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, an inflammation marker that has become very popular in recent years, is associated with many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio level to predict the Left atrium enlargement in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 216 participants (i.e., 115 hypertensive and 101 control group) were enrolled. Left atrial volumes and left atrial volume indexes were calculated using transthoracic echocardiography. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was calculated as the ratio of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The left atrial volumes, left atrial volume indexes, and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group (43.3±12.4 versus 31.4±7.9, p<0.001; 22.9±5.8 versus 17.1±3.7, p<0.001; 11.4 [4.2-25.0] versus 8.4 [3.5-18.0], p<0.001, respectively). On the multivariate logistic regression analysis, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (OR 1.38; 95%CI 1.20-1.57; p<0.001), (OR 1.28; 95%CI 1.16-1.42; p<0.001), age, and sex (female) were the independent predictors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The increased monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio level was associated with hypertension and increased left atrial volume indexes. The results of this study supported the presence of inflammation, measured with a readily available and inexpensive marker, in hypertensive patients and revealed the association with left atrial enlargement.

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INTRODUCTION: Frailty is a condition of elderly characterized by increased vulnerability to stressful events. Frail patients are more likely to have adverse events. The purposes of this study were to define frailty in patients aged ≥ 70 years with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and to evaluate mortality and prognostic significance of frailty in these patients. METHODS: We included 99 patients, ≥ 70 years old (mean age 74±5.3 years), with diagnosis of CCS. They were followed-up for up to 12 months. The frailty score was evaluated according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). All patients were divided as frail or non-frail. The groups were compared for their characteristics and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty patients were classified as frail, and 49 patients as non-frail. The 12-month Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) rate was 69.4% in frail patients and 20% in non-frail patients. Frailty increases the risk for MACE as much as 3.48 times. Two patients died in the non-frail group and 11 patients died in the frail group. Frailty increases the risk for death as much as 6.05 times. When we compared the aforementioned risk factors by multivariate analysis, higher CSHA frailty score was associated with increased MACE and death (relative risk [RR] = 22.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33-158.19, P=0.001, for MACE; RR = 7.41, 95% CI 1.44-38.03, P=0.016, for death). CONCLUSION: Being a frail elderly CCS patient is associated with worse outcomes. Therefore, frailty score should be evaluated for elderly CCS patients as a prognostic marker.

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Abstract Introduction: Frailty is a condition of elderly characterized by increased vulnerability to stressful events. Frail patients are more likely to have adverse events. The purposes of this study were to define frailty in patients aged ≥ 70 years with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and to evaluate mortality and prognostic significance of frailty in these patients. Methods: We included 99 patients, ≥ 70 years old (mean age 74±5.3 years), with diagnosis of CCS. They were followed-up for up to 12 months. The frailty score was evaluated according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). All patients were divided as frail or non-frail. The groups were compared for their characteristics and clinical outcomes. Results: Fifty patients were classified as frail, and 49 patients as non-frail. The 12-month Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) rate was 69.4% in frail patients and 20% in non-frail patients. Frailty increases the risk for MACE as much as 3.48 times. Two patients died in the non-frail group and 11 patients died in the frail group. Frailty increases the risk for death as much as 6.05 times. When we compared the aforementioned risk factors by multivariate analysis, higher CSHA frailty score was associated with increased MACE and death (relative risk [RR] = 22.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.33-158.19, P=0.001, for MACE; RR = 7.41, 95% CI 1.44-38.03, P=0.016, for death). Conclusion: Being a frail elderly CCS patient is associated with worse outcomes. Therefore, frailty score should be evaluated for elderly CCS patients as a prognostic marker.

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