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INTRODUCTION: Pyomyositis is a term that denotes pyogenic infection usually primary skeletal muscle, associated with hematogenous dispersion due to transient bacteremia, or penetrating trauma, usually forming abscesses. Classically described frequently in tropical areas and predominantly affecting the lower limb musculature, however, in recent decades it has increasingly been associated with areas of temperate climates and relatively more frequently in immunosuppressed patients, being the patients under 30 years the most affected. CLINICAL CASE: Male of 15 years without relevant medical history. The patient had no history of trauma, falls, surgical interventions, infections or any other systemic condition. He came because of a clinical picture of 7 days of evolution characterized by pain referred to the groin and left iliac crest area associated with claudication and hyperthermia not quantified, which yielded partially to NSAIDs and paracetamol, but without achieving improvement so it is taken emergency by relatives. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to bear in mind this pathology when performing the differential diagnostic approach of a patient presenting with pain and functional limitation of some joint associated with data suggestive of an infectious or inflammatory process.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La piomiositis es un término que denota infección piógena por lo general primaria de músculo esquelético. Clásicamente descrita de manera frecuente en zonas tropicales y en pacientes inmunocomprometidos; sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se observa cada vez más en zonas de climas templados y con relativa mayor frecuencia en pacientes inmunocompetentes, siendo el grupo etario más afectado el de menores de 30 años. CASO CLÍNICO: Masculino de 15 años sin antecedentes médicos de relevancia. Acude por presentar cuadro clínico de siete días de evolución caracterizado por dolor referido en ingle y zona de la cresta ilíaca izquierda asociado a claudicación e hipertermia no cuantificada, que cedían parcialmente a AINES y paracetamol, pero sin lograr mejoría, por lo que es llevado a urgencias por familiares. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario tener en mente esta patología al momento de realizar el abordaje diagnóstico diferencial de un paciente que se presenta con dolor y limitación funcional de alguna articulación asociada a datos sugestivos de un proceso infeccioso o inflamatorio.

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Distal femur pseudoarthrosis also called «distal femur non-union¼ (DFNU) represents a rare complication associated with a fracture caused by high-energy trauma; its treatment is controversial, as there is a wide variety of surgical techniques that can be implemented, from open reduction plus internal fixation with plates, to the use of fixed angle plates combined with bone autograft. We expose the case of a 24-year-old man who shows up for consultation with the history of having presented a left femoral supracondylar fracture with a year of evolution, treated by osteosynthesis of the distal femur with dynamic condylar screws (DCS plate); developed a torpid evolution with severe pain in the distal third of the left thigh and functional limitation, developed a progressive varus deformity of the left thigh that caused a shortening of 3.8 cm of the limb. A focus of pseudoarthrosis was identified, which was surgically removed, the intramedullary canal was recanalized, and a lateral closed wedge osteotomy was performed to correct the angulation and allow reduction. 5.5 mm (three proximal and three distal) hydroxyapatite screws and an external fixator were placed. In addition, a review of the literature focused on the use of external fixation was carried out as a treatment for the pseudoarthrosis of the distal femur.

La seudoartrosis del fémur distal, también llamada «no unión del fémur distal¼ (NUFD), representa una complicación poco frecuente asociada a una fractura causada por un traumatismo de alta energía; su tratamiento es controversial, ya que existe una gran variedad técnicas quirúrgicas que pueden ser implementadas desde la reducción abierta más la fijación interna con placas hasta el uso de placas de ángulo fijo combinadas con autoinjerto óseo. Exponemos el caso de un hombre de 24 años de edad, el cual se presenta a la consulta con el antecedente de haber sufrido una fractura supracondílea femoral izquierda con un año de evolución, tratada mediante una osteosíntesis del fémur distal con tornillos condilares dinámicos (placa DCS); mostró una evolución tórpida con dolor severo en el tercio distal del muslo izquierdo y limitación funcional, desarrolló una deformidad en varo progresiva del muslo izquierdo que causó un acortamiento de 3.8 cm de la extremidad. Se identificó un foco de seudoartrosis, el cual se retiró quirúrgicamente, se recanalizó el canal intramedular y se realizó una osteotomía de cuña cerrada lateral para corregir la angulación y permitir la reducción. Se colocaron tornillos de hidroxiapatita de 5.5 mm (tres proximales y tres distales) y un fijador externo. Además se hizo una revisión de la literatura enfocada en el uso de la fijación externa como tratamiento de la seudoartrosis del fémur distal.

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Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a frequent cause of pain and in recent years considered to be a precursor of premature hip osteoarthritis. The structural abnormalities which characterize FAI syndrome, such as the cam-type deformity, are associated with morphological alterations that may lead to hip osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and topographic and morphometric features of the cam deformity in a series of 326 femur specimens obtained from a Mexican population, as well as changes in prevalence in relation to age and gender. The specimens were subdivided into groups according to gender and age. A standardized photograph of the proximal femur of each specimen was taken, and the photograph was used to determine the alpha angle using a computer program; the location of the lesion was determined by quadrant and the morphometric characteristics were determined by direct observation. The overall prevalence of cam deformities in the femur specimens was 29.8 % (97/326), with a prevalence by gender of 35.2 % (64/182) in men and 22.9 % (33/144) in women. The mean alpha angle was 54.6° ± 8.5° in all of the osteological specimens and 65.6° ± 7.5° in those specimens exhibiting a cam deformity. Cam deformities were found topographically in the anterior-superior quadrant of the femoral head-neck junction in 86.6 % (84/97) of the femurs. Deformities were found in 28.2 % of the right femurs and 31.3 % of the left femurs. The prevalence of cam deformity was higher in the femur specimens of young men and in those of middle-aged and older women. There were no significant differences in this deformity in relation to the alpha angle according to age and gender.

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The number of patients with spine conditions has grown exponentially in recent years leading to an increase in the number of cases requiring surgical treatment. Currently vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach represents the most commonly used technique to treat any type of vertebral disorder. The morphometric characteristics of vertebrae, particularly the pedicle, determine the size of pedicular implants, including width and length, as well as the shape and direction of the screw and its ideal angulation at the time of introduction. Knowing these characteristics is important to prevent injuring important adjacent structures and to decrease the postoperative complication rate. In recent decades numerous studies on the morphometric characteristics of the vertebral pedicle have been conducted in different populations to determine its real dimensions by means of direct measurement and imaging methods. These studies have concluded that there are significant differences in these measurements among the different ethnic groups, races, genders, ages and the vertebral regions studied. This paper analyzes the different morphometric studies of the pedicle and all the other vertebral elements studied in Mexico and the rest of the world and explain the importance of their knowledge and surgical application for the correct development of vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach.

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Alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii growing in chemostat cultures was evaluated under different O(2) transfer rates (OTR). As a result of modifying the culture's agitation rate from 300 to 500 rpm, the OTR increased from 9 to 15.1 mmol l(-1) h(-1) and a slight variation in the alginate production (1.7-2.2 g l(-1)) was observed. At a constant growth rate (0.1 h(-1)), the mean molecular mass of the alginate was strongly influenced by changes in the OTR, varying from 860 to 1,690 kDa. These results support a possible relationship between alginate polymerization-depolymerization process and the O(2) uptake rate.

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Las técnicas de aprendizaje automatizado constituyen un tema vigente en las investigaciones actuales, sobre todo por el amplio espectro en que pueden ser aplicadas. Existen diversos sistemas computacionales que permiten aplicar estas técnicas con muy buenos resultados. Una herramienta de gran utilidad y fácil acceso es el WEKA: sistema multiplataforma de extenso uso, probado bajo sistemas operativos Linux, Windows y Macintosh, que se encuentra disponible en Internet de forma gratuita y además es OpenSource. En el presente trabajo, se aplicaron los métodos de selección de atributos disponibles en el WEKA, versión 3.5.5, a una base de datos que contenía variables involucradas en el estado nutricional de niños de 6 a 11 años, con el propósito de precisar cuál de los métodos aplicados determinaba los factores que más aportaron a la evaluación nutricional. Pudo comprobarse que la selección de atributos brindó los factores más relevantes, cuyo comportamiento pudiera originar desviaciones del estado de nutrición, el que se encuentra bajo el sistema de vigilancia nutricional para detectar de forma temprana deficiencias nutrimentales y actuar en consecuencia.[AU]

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