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In this study, we measured Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the whole blood of farmers from southeast Brazil to address the factors influencing human exposure in this population. The factors included smoking, alcohol consumption, aging, body composition, gender, and feeding preferences, which were measured through carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. We also calculated and compared the reference values (RVs) of the measured elements to evaluate ongoing exposure levels. We observed the influence of lifestyle habits on metal exposure; Cd levels were statistically higher in smokers, and alcohol consumption affected only Pb concentrations, with an association also observed with the frequency of alcohol ingestion. The metal levels were positively associated with both isotope values, indicating that feeding may be the dominant source of these elements in this population. We also observed the effect of endogenous sources measured through age, as increased Pb concentrations in both genders and higher Cd levels in older women, which is related to bone, kidney, and liver accumulation. The body mass index was negatively associated with Ni, Co, and Cd in women and positively in men. The negative associations may indicate that body fat may act as a reservoir for metals, reducing their availability in the blood in individuals with higher body mass and possibly influencing the assessment of exposure levels. The evaluated population presented elevated RVs for all elements: Ni 36, Co 3.3, Cd 16, and Pb 149 µg L-1. These values point to higher exposure in this population compared to other studies in Brazil and worldwide. These results emphasize an urgent need for monitoring programs for toxic substances in Brazil and evaluating possible health effects, given the ongoing environmental exposure associated with endogenous exposure and lifestyle habits that promote higher metal levels in this population.
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Cadmio , Metales Pesados , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Brasil , Agricultores , Plomo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Immune cells contribute with mediators in the protein expression profile of the tumor microenvironment. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are elevated in non-malignant inflammatory conditions; however, the association between PAI-1 expression and inflammation remains uncertain in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate PAI-1 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in OSCC and its role as a prognostic marker. METHODS: Samples were collected from patients with OSCC, treated surgically, and followed for 24 months after the procedure. Thirty-nine tumoral tissue were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Correlation between protein expression, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis was investigated. RESULTS: Positive PAI-1 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate was significantly associated with lymph node status (p = 0.009) and with the cytoplasmic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (p = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed weak PAI-1 expression as an independent marker for lymph node metastases, with approximately 8-fold increased risk compared to strong expression (OR = 8.60; CI = 1.54-48.08; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the strong PAI-1 expression in intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate is an indicator of a better prognosis for patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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The NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is a component of the stress response system, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. NR3C1 methylation has been associated with trauma and mental issues, including depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and personality disorders. Previous studies have reported that stressful events are involved in NR3C1 gene methylation, suggesting that its regulation under environmental effects is complex. The present study aimed to analyze associations involving stressors such as socioeconomic status, health conditions, and lifestyle in relation to NR3C1 methylation in adults. This study included 386 individual users of the Brazilian Public Unified Health System (SUS), and evaluated socioeconomic and health conditions, body mass index, cortisol levels, and lifestyle. Data were correlated with NR3C1 methylation, determined using DNA pyrosequencing. The results showed that alcohol consumption, overweight, and high cortisol levels were related to NR3C1 demethylation, while depression was related to its methylation. Habits, lifestyle, and health status may influence NR3C1 gene regulation via methylation, revealing the complexity of environmental impacts on NR3C1 methylation.
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/genética , Cortisona/sangre , Metilación de ADN , Depresión/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Islas de CpG , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/metabolismo , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with OCSCC, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray Fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in OCSCC samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. The presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (OR = 0.105, CI = 0.01-0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04-0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Elementos Químicos , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Fumar/efectos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/etiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/etiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for depressive symptoms among rural residents in Brazil. A representative sample of two hundred eighty-eight volunteers aged from 18 to 65 years was included and determining factors for high BDI-II score were investigated through a multivariate logistic model. Sadness, loss of pleasure, crying, worthlessness and loss of interest in sex are more likely to be observed in females, and risk factors to this high depression score among rural residents were shown to be: female gender, tobacco use, pesticide application, poor self-perceived health and presence of chronic disease. These data contribute to the knowledge of factors determining depressive symptoms among rural residents and may help to expand health policies to improve quality of rural life on these communities and others with similar characteristics.
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Depresión , Población Rural , Brasil/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Uso de TabacoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify determinant factors for depression and analyze the relationship between possible changes in HPA axis and depression, in this case NR3C1 DNA methylation and serum cortisol levels. METHODS: 349 adult volunteers were recruited to evaluate depression, socio-demographic, economic and lifestyle factors, serum cortisol levels and NR3C1 DNA methylation by pyrosequencing. Depression determinant factors were investigated using a Poisson regression model with robust variance (pâ¯<â¯0.05). RESULTS: Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted by gender, tobacco use, self-perceived stress, leisure activity, suicidal ideation, low cortisol levels and NR3C1 DNA methylation was performed and predicted risk factors for depression. Furthermore, depressive volunteers showed a significant increase in NR3C1 DNA methylation when compared to healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: This findings provide a basis for understanding the role of HPA axis in depression, especially its regulation by NR3C1 DNA methylation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the stressful lifestyle risk factors (female, tobacco uso, self perceived stress, leisure activities absence and suicidal ideation) that can contribute to future research and the search for public health policies to improve quality of live, mental and general health.
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Metilación de ADN , Depresión/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Estilo de Vida , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Ideación Suicida , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Actividades Recreativas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between indicators of psychosocial stress and central adiposity in adult users of the Unified Health System (SUS) from Southeast of Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 adults (20 to 59 years old) from the city of Alegre, Southeastern Brazil. The simple random sample represented the population using the public health system of the municipality. The prevalence of obesity was based on the Body Mass Index, and central adiposity (dependent variable) was measured by waist circumference in centimeters. The independent variables were the following indicators of psychosocial stress: food and nutrition insecurity (yes/no), serum cortisol (µg/dL), symptoms suggestive of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥ 17 (yes/no), and altered blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg (yes/no). Univariate linear regression was performed between central adiposity and each stress indicator, and later the models were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, and lifestyle variables. All analyses were made separately by rural and urban location. RESULTS: The prevalence of weight excess, by the classification of the Body Mass Index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, was 68.3% and, by waist circumference, 71.5% of individuals presented an increased risk for metabolic complications related to central adiposity. Mean waist circumference scores for the rural and urban population were 89.3 ± 12.7 cm and 92.9 ± 14.7 cm, respectively (p = 0.012). Indicators of stress that were associated with central adiposity were: cortisol in the rural population (ß = -0.60; 95% CI = -1.09;-0.11) and altered blood pressure in the urban population (ß = 6.66; 95% CI = 2.14;11.18). This occurred both in the raw analysis and in the models adjusted for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Central adiposity was inversely associated with cortisol in the rural population and directly associated with higher arterial blood pressure in the urban population, suggesting a local influence on how individuals react to stress.
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Depresión/epidemiología , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Abdominal/sangre , Obesidad Abdominal/fisiopatología , Prevalencia , Salud Pública/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Población Rural , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Población Urbana , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
AIMS: Jumonji Domain-Containing 1A (JMJD1A) protein promotes demethylation of histones, especially at lysin-9 of di-methylated histone H3 (H3K9me2) or mono-methylated (H3K9me1). Increased levels of H3 histone methylation at lysin-9 (H3K9) is related to tumor suppressor gene silencing. JMJD1A gene target Adrenomeduline (ADM) has shown to promote cell growth and tumorigenesis. JMJD1A and ADM expression, as well as H3K9 methylation level have been related with development risk and prognosis of several tumor types. METHODS AND RESULTS: We aimed to evaluate JMJD1A, ADM, H3K9me1 and H3K9me2expression in paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays from 84 oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma samples through immunohistochemistry analysis. Our results showed that nuclear JMJD1A expression was related to lymph node metastasis risk. In addition, JMJD1A cytoplasmic expression was an independent risk marker for advanced tumor stages. H3K9me1 cytoplasmic expression was associated with reduced disease-specific death risk. Furthermore, high H3K9me2 nuclear expression was associated with worse specific-disease and disease-free survival. Finally, high ADM cytoplasmic expression was an independent marker of lymph node metastasis risk. CONCLUSION: JMJD1A, H3K9me1/2 and ADM expression may be predictor markers of progression and prognosis in oral and oropharynx cancer patients, as well as putative therapeutic targets.
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Adrenomedulina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Histonas/metabolismo , Histona Demetilasas con Dominio de Jumonji/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Epigénesis Genética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/cirugía , Pronóstico , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The lifestyle and other factors associated with the appearance of several health conditions that affect quality of life in rural zone is an issue that has been increasingly explored. Brazil is the largest coffee-producing nation in the world and has been a considerable consumer of pesticides since 2008. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors that could be contributing to the appearance of depressive symptoms in rural workers. Two hundred twenty male volunteers from nine cities in Southeast Brazil completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire about depressive symptoms and provided other information about socio-demographic characteristics and additional confounding factors. The adjusted multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that pesticide exposure, tobacco use, poor self-perceived health and the presence of chronic disease contribute as risk factors for the appearance of depressive symptoms at a level above ups and downs considered normal in the BDI-II. This survey contributes to the search for solutions to improve quality of life and mental health in the rural living to the extent that social determinants of depression are being investigated.
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Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Café , Depresión/epidemiología , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: Realizar medidas de educação visando a prevenção em saúde e melhor qualidade de vida, e obter dados através de levantamento epidemiológico que poderão ser fornecidos ao SUS como um modelo de região rural que poderá ser utilizado em outras regiões do país gerando um grande impacto social e economia de recursos federais, estaduais e municipais. RESULTADOS: Juntamente com os questionários e visitas às comunidades estudadas, foram realizadas ações educativas para a prevenção do uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos, assim como o uso de tabaco e álcool. Vale apena destacar a parceria com diversos outros projetos na região, que possibilitou a oferta de cursos de capacitação EAD e presenciais, assim como a elaboração de material didático sobre o assunto na forma de livros, aulas e organização de espaços virtuais de aprendizagem e de treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: O projeto gerou impacto social, com treinamento de professores e crianças nas escolas, além dos agentes de saúde e outros profissionais que atuam na saúde e educação dentro dos municípios. Finalmente, um ponto de grande destaque relacionado às metas do projeto foi a capacitação e formação de pessoas na área de oncogenética e aconselhamento genético, algo inédito para o estado do Espírito Santo.